摘要
The effects of pre-equilibrium emission and secondary decay on the determination of the freeze-out volume are investigated using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model accompanied by the statistical decay model GEMINI.Small-mass projectiles and large-mass targets with central collisions are studied at intermediate energies.It is revealed that the proton yields of pre-equilibrium emission are smaller than those of secondary decay.However,the determination of the freeze-out volume from the proton yields is more easily affected by pre-equilibrium emission.Moreover,the percentage of proton yields in the freezeout stage is found to be approxim-ately 50%.
作者
Hui-Xiao Duan
Dong-Hai Zhang
Fan Zhang
Hai-Shun Wu
段慧晓;张东海;张凡;武海顺(Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education,School of Chemistry and Material Science,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Institute of Modern Physics,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041004,China;Department of Electronic Information and Physics.Changzhi University,Changzhi 046011,China)
基金
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905018)
Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions of Shanxi Province,China (2019L0908)
