摘要
以青藏高原东北部边缘甘南亚高寒草甸草地群落为研究对象,将研究区样地坡度分为Ⅰ(0°~5°]、Ⅱ(5°~15°]、Ⅲ(15°~25°]、Ⅳ(25°~35°]及Ⅴ(> 35°) 5个坡度等级,采用样方调查法研究了甘南州合作市当周草原和扎油沟等亚高寒草甸区狼毒群落特征及草地生境条件。结果表明:1)研究区狼毒主要分布在土壤养分良好、水分状况适中、海拔在2 900~3 050 m高寒、亚高寒草甸区15°~35°的干燥阳坡地带。2)研究区植物群落组成以适应寒冷、多风的高寒环境的物种居多,坡度Ⅰ中记录有10科18属30种,坡度Ⅱ中记录有7科13属27种,坡度Ⅲ中记录有6科9属20种,坡度Ⅳ中记录有14科30属35种,坡度Ⅴ中记录有5科10属15种。3)莎草科植物重要值依次为Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ,多年生根茎禾草重要值依次为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ>Ⅱ,多年生丛生禾草重要值依次为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ,灌木与半灌木重要值依次为Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,多年生杂类草重要值依次为Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ,一、二年生植物重要值依次为Ⅴ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,大多数植物功能群在坡度Ⅳ和坡度Ⅴ上重要值最高,在坡度Ⅰ和坡度Ⅱ上重要值最低。4)研究区植物群落丰富度指数在不同坡度上变化幅度较大,生境结构复杂的群落其多样性指数高,物种多样性也相对丰富,坡度对狼毒群落植物多样性分布有一定的影响。
Stellera chamaejasme is an important indicator species for degradation of natural grassland ecosystems.Exploring the response characteristics of S.chamaejasme community diversity to different slopes is of great significance for the control of S.chamaejasme.In this study,the community characteristics and grassland habitat conditions of an S.chamaejasme community in Hezuo,Gannan were studied by means of Quadrat survey.The S.chamaejasme community in a subalpine meadow was taken as the research object,and the slope of sample plot in the study area was divided into five gradient grades:Ⅰ(0°~5°],Ⅱ(5°~15°],Ⅲ(15°~25°],Ⅳ(25°~35°]andⅤ(>35°).Our results showed that:(1)S.chamaejasme is mainly distributed in the dry and sunny slope with good soil nutrient and moderate water condition at 2900~3050 m altitude and 15°~35°slope in the subalpine meadow.(2)Most of the plant communities in the study area are adapted to the cold and windy environment.Plants were categorized into 10 families,18 genera and 30 species in gradientⅠ,7 families,13 genera and 27 species in gradientⅡ,6 families,9 genera and 20 species in gradientⅢ,14 families,30 genera and 35 species in gradientⅣ,and 5 families,10 genera and 15 species in gradientⅤ.(3)The distribution of the important values of Cyperaceae on different gradients wasⅡ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ,and the distribution of important values of perennial rhizome grasses wasⅤon different gradients.The important values of perennial clump grasses on different gradients wereⅤ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ,the important values of shrubs and subshrubs wereⅣ>Ⅴ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,and the important values of perennials on different gradients wereⅢ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ>Ⅴ>Ⅰ,while the important values of 1 and 2 years on different gradients wereⅤ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,the important values of shrubs and subshrubs on different gradients wereⅤ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ,the distribution of important values of perennials on different gradients wasⅤ>Ⅳ>Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅰ,and the distribution of important values of perennials on different gradients wasⅤ>Ⅳ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ>Ⅰ.Most of the plant functional groups had the most important values at gradientⅣandⅤ,and the lowest values at gradientⅠand gradientⅡ.(4)The richness index of plant community in the study area varied greatly on different slopes,and the diversity index of the community with complex habitat structure was high,the species diversity was relatively rich,and the slope was shown to influence the plant diversity distribution of the S.chamaejasme community.
作者
崔博亮
安彦明
张起鹏
蒲萌
陈克龙
CUI Boliang;AN Yanming;ZHANG Qipeng;PU Meng;CHEN Kelong(College of Geography Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China;Shiyan Checheng City High School,Shiyan 442000,Hubei,China;School of Environment and planning,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,Shandong,China;Gansu Normal College for Nationalities,Hezuo 747000,Gansu,China;MOE Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation/Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Processes,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China)
出处
《草业科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期823-834,共12页
Pratacultural Science
基金
国家自然科学基金(41661023)
第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究(2019ZQKK0405)。
关键词
狼毒
物种组成
坡度
功能性状
功能群
重要值
植物群落
Stellera chamaejasme
species composition
slope
functional character
gradient functional group
significant value
plant community
