摘要
目的分析深圳市龙华区首起人偏肺病毒感染暴发疫情的流行特点及可能的危险因素,为有效防控人偏肺病毒感染聚集性疫情提供参考依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法分析疫情流行特征,采用病例对照研究分析相关危险因素。结果疫情发生在一个小学的两个班级,发病27例,总罹患率为1.94%(27/1 393),其中五年级(2)班罹患率高达56.52%(26/46)。疫情呈单峰分布,高峰出现在3月10-14日,疫情历时18 d。主要临床症状为咳嗽(66.67%)、咽痛(62.96%)、咳痰(59.26%)、发热(55.56%)、头痛(55.56%),病例的中位潜伏期为5.5 d,无住院、重症及死亡病例。对两个班级的病例和非病例的相关危险因素进行单因素分析,发现病例组和对照组在接触史(χ^(2)=10.400,P<0.01)、参加校内培训班(χ^(2)=4.985,P<0.05)及肺炎疫苗接种史(χ^(2)=5.014,P<0.05)方面差异有统计学意义;在饭前洗手(χ^(2)=18.286,P<0.01)、便后洗手(χ^(2)=25.043,P<0.01)、使用肥皂或洗手液洗手(χ^(2)=12.310,P<0.01)方面差异有统计学意义。结论此次疫情由人偏肺病毒感染导致,疫情的发生很可能是病例在群体活动中密切接触或飞沫引起传播,相关危险因素为学生近距离接触、洗手卫生习惯差、参加校内培训班等。
Objective The current analysis was set to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and possible risk factors of the first outbreak of human metapneumovirus infection in Longhua District of Shenzhen and to provide a scientific reference basis for the effective prevention and control of the aggregated epidemic of human metapneumovirus infection.Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics,and a case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors of the epidemic.Results The epidemic occurred in two classes of a primary school,with 27 cases and a total incidence of 1.94%(27/1 393),including a high incidence of 56.52%(26/46) in grade 5(2).The epidemic was distributed in single peaks,with the peak of the epidemic occurred from March 10 to 14,and the epidemic lasted for 18 days.The main clinical symptoms were cough(66.67%),pharyngeal pain(62.96%),expectoration(59.26%),fever(55.56%),and headache(55.56%).The median incubation period of the cases was 5.5 days.There were no hospitalized,severe or dead cases.Univariate analysis was performed on the case-control group and non-case-control group for the related risk factors.It showed that the differences of exposure history(χ^(2)=10.400,P<0.01),in-school training class(χ^(2)=4.985,P<0.05),and vaccination history in pneumonia vaccine(χ^(2)=5.014,P<0.05) between the case group and the control group were statistically significant.There were significant differences in washing hands before meals(χ^(2)=18.286,P<0.01),washing hands after defecation(χ^(2)=25.043,P<0.01),washing hands with soap or hand sanitizer(χ^(2)=12.310,P<0.01).Conclusion The epidemic was caused by human metapneumovirus infection,which was probably caused by the close contact of cases in group activities or the spread of droplets.The related risk factors were close contact among students,poor hygiene habits of handwashing,and attending school training courses.
作者
刘丽珍
陈宏标
梁静
罗经伟
周世权
LIU Li-zhen;CHEN Hong-biao;LIANG Jing;LUO Jing-wei;ZHOU Shi-quan(Shenzhen Longhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guangdong518109,China;不详)
出处
《医学动物防制》
2021年第3期265-268,共4页
Journal of Medical Pest Control
基金
2019年度广东省医学科研基金项目(B2019165)。
关键词
人偏肺病毒
学校
呼吸道感染
暴发
流行病学
危险因素
Human metapneumovirus(hMPV)
School
Respiratory tract infection
Outbreak
Epidemiology
Risk factor
