摘要
目的了解甘肃省甘南藏族自治州(简称甘南州)饮茶型地方性氟中毒(简称地氟病)流行情况,为预防控制饮茶型地氟病提供科学依据。方法采用整群随机抽样等方法调查甘南州8个县(市)有饮用边销茶习惯的病区村分布情况以及儿童和成人的氟斑牙、氟骨症患病情况,并采集水样、茶样和尿样检测氟含量。结果甘南州5个县(市)22个乡(镇)60个村成人日均茶氟摄入量大于3.5 mg,年人均砖茶消耗量为0.42 kg;检测生活饮用水1 072份,水氟含量0.05~0.83 mg/L;检测茶样1 164份,茶氟均值308.76 mg/L,超标茶样607份、超标率52.15%;检查8~12岁儿童1 374人,未发现氟斑牙患病儿童;检测8~12岁儿童尿样1 248份,尿氟值0.08~1.38 mg/L,尿氟均值0.46 mg/L;调查25岁以上常住人群2 221人,未检出氟骨症患者;检测成人尿样257份,尿氟值0.03~1.42 mg/L,尿氟均值0.67 mg/L。结论目前甘南州未发现饮茶型地氟病流行,但农牧区供应的边销茶50%以上超标,部分人群仍饮用方包茶和砖茶;今后应继续加强饮茶型地氟病监测,加大市场监管和健康教育宣传工作。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of tea drinking endemic fluorosis in Gannan Tibetan autonomous prefecture(Gannan prefecture), and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of tea drinking endemic fluorosis. Methods Cluster random sampling method was taken to investigate the distribution of the endemic villages with the habit of drinking brick tea in 8 counties(cities) of Gannan prefecture, dental and skeletal fluorosis in children and adults, and the samples of urine, water and brick tea were collected for determination of fluorine content.Results The average daily intake of fluoride in the tea was greater than 3.5 mg in the adults living in the 60 villages of 22 townships(towns) in 5 counties(cities) of Gannan prefecture, with the annual per capita consumption of brick tea of 0.42 kg.Out of the detected 1 072 samples of drinking water, the fluoride content was from 0.05 to 0.83 mg/L. There were 1 164 samples of tea determined, with the mean of fluorine of 308.76 mg/L, 607 samples of tea over the standard, with exceeding rate of 52.15%(607/1 164). None of the 1 374 examined children aged 8-12 years was detected with dental fluorosis. Out of the detected 1 248 urine samples collected from the children aged 8-12 years, the fluoride content were from 0.08-1.38 mg/L,with average value of 0.46 mg/L. No patient with skeletal fluorosis was found in 2 221 permanent adults older than 25 years,and 257 urine samples of the adults were detected with fluorine range from 0.03 to 1.42 mg/L, and the average value of 0.67 mg/L. Conclusions There is no prevalence of tea drinking endemic fluorosis in Gannan prefecture at present. But the fluorine content in more than 50% of the brick tea is over the standard in agricultural and pastoral areas. Most people still drink the big tea and brick tea. The surveillance of tea drinking endemic fluorosis, market supervision and health education and publicity should be strengthened in future.
作者
尚文杰
尚睿智
王庆华
赵春桃
郭红欣
SHANG Wen-jie;SHANG Rui-zhi;WANG Qin-hua;ZHAO Chun-tao;GUO Hong-xin(The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Hezuo,Gansu 747000,China)
出处
《疾病预防控制通报》
2021年第2期32-34,共3页
Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)
