摘要
轻量化多功能负泊松比结构由于具有优异的可设计性、拉胀特性、剪切模量、断裂韧性、抗冲击吸能、减震降噪等特性,在车辆吸能结构设计和多功能优化方面具有巨大的应用潜力.本文详细综述了负泊松比结构的力学设计及其在车辆工程中的典型应用:(1)负泊松比基本概念及其力学特性,以及近几十年来的快速发展趋势;(2)负泊松比材料与结构构型设计方法的基本分类、负泊松比泡沫材料微结构特征及制备工艺、负泊松比复合材料设计方法的基本发展历程以及前沿人工智能设计方法;(3)针对典型负泊松比结构的力学设计进行详细介绍,主要包括手性结构、方格旋转结构、双箭头内凹结构、内凹蜂窝结构、拉伸扭转效应负泊松比结构等;(4)负泊松比材料与结构的冲击吸能特性及相关的实验、理论和模拟研究;(5)负泊松比材料与结构在汽车轻量化设计领域的典型应用,主要包括汽车吸能盒、B柱、发动机罩、安全带、悬架、免充气轮胎等典型吸能结构件;(6)负泊松比结构在汽车工程中的应用前景,所面临技术挑战和巨大应用潜力.
Lightweight and multi-function structures with negative Poisson’s ratio have excellent auxetic mechanical properties, and have been demonstrated promising industrial application potentials as energy absorption structures and multifunctional devices in automobile industry due to their enhanced indentation resistance, shear modulus, fracture toughness, impact energy absorption, shock absorption, noise reduction performances and so on. This paper mainly summarizes the mechanical properties of structures with negative Poisson’s ratio effect, and their typical structural design and applications in automotive engineering. The contents could be classified into six parts:(1) The concepts and mechanical characteristics of different materials and structures with negative Poisson’s ratio are introduced firstly, and the rapid developments in recent decades are also discussed;(2) main design method of materials and structures with negative Poisson’s ratio are performed, corresponding manufacturing technologies of foams with negative Poisson’s ratio effect are summarized, the design developments of composite materials with negative Poisson’s ratio and the frontier artificial intelligence design method for advanced structure with negative Poisson’s ratio are also presented;(3) mechanical designs of typical cellular structures with negative Poisson’s ratio are introduced in detail including: chiral structure, rigid node rotation structure, double-arrow structure with negative Poisson’s ratio, re-entrant honeycomb structure, structure with tensile-torsion effects and so on;(4) many experimental, theoretical and finite element simulation results about the energy absorption characteristics of materials and structures with negative Poisson’s ratio are presented;(5) typical industrial applications of advanced materials and structures negative Poisson’s ratio as high performance energy application structures in the field of lightweight vehicle design are demonstrated, mainly including: automobile energy absorption box, B-pillar,engine hoods, seat belts, suspension structures, and non-pneumatic tires and so on;(6) industrial application prospects of advanced materials and structures with negative Poisson’s ratio(NPR) in automotive engineering, and the technical challenges and promising industrial application potentials are also pointed out.
作者
吴文旺
肖登宝
孟嘉旭
刘凯
牛迎浩
薛睿
张鹏
丁文杰
叶璇
凌雪
毕颖
夏勇
Wu Wenwang;Xiao Dengbao;Meng Jiaxu;Liu Kai;Niu Yinghao;Xue Rui;Zhang Peng;Ding Wenjie;Ye Xuan;Ling Xue;Bi Ying;Xia Yong(School of Naval Architecture,Ocean and Civil Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China;Institute of Advanced Structure Technology,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;State Key Laboratory'of Strength and Vibration of Mechanics Structures,Xi'an Jiao Tong University,Xi'an 710049,China;State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing University of City Engineering and Architecture.Beijing 100044,China;State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)
出处
《力学学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期611-638,共28页
Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics
基金
清华大学汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金(KF1808,KF1810)
西安交通大学机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室开放基金(SV2020-KF-11)
国家自然科学基金(11702023,11802031,11972081)资助项目。
关键词
负泊松比
拉胀
冲击吸能
车辆轻量化
negative Poisson’s ratio
auxetic
energy absorption
automotive lightweight
