摘要
为了解池塘鱼菜立体种养系统中微生物的群落结构特征,探究池塘鱼菜立体种养系统不同组成之间的相互关系,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序方法对系统不同组成的微生物16S rRNA V3~V4区进行测序,比较分析了水体、底泥、蕹菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk根际与根表、暗纹东方鲀Takifugu obscures肠道及凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vanname肠道微生物群落多样性及差异。结果表明:池塘鱼菜立体种养系统的6组样品细菌分布于62门1503属,优势菌门包括变形菌门Proteobacteria(27.71%)、放线菌门Actinobacteria(16.37%)、蓝细菌门Cyanobacteria(16.05%)和拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes(10.07%),主要优势菌属包括红球菌属Rhodococcus、葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus、弓形杆菌属Arcobacter、红杆菌属Rhodobacter、硫杆菌属Thiobacillus和支原体属Mycoplasma;水体的优势菌门为放线菌门、变形菌门、蓝细菌门和拟杆菌门,底泥的优势菌门为变形菌门和拟杆菌门,蕹菜根际及根表的优势菌门为变形菌门、蓝细菌门和拟杆菌门,暗纹东方鲀肠道的优势菌门为厚壁菌门Firmicutes、Epsilonbacteraeota、蓝细菌门和拟杆菌门,凡纳滨对虾肠道的优势菌门为放线菌门和变形菌门;池塘鱼菜立体种养系统中的功能性细菌分布略有不同,蕹菜根表硝化细菌的相对丰度显著高于水体、鲀肠道和虾肠道(P<0.05),蕹菜根际反硝化细菌的相对丰度显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),水体和蕹菜根际固氮菌的相对丰度显著高于虾肠道、底泥和鲀肠道(P<0.05)。研究表明,池塘鱼菜立体种养系统的不同组成(底泥、水体、蕹菜根际与根表、养殖对象肠道)由于功能不同微生物群落结构存在较大差异,在蕹菜根际及根表包含有相对丰度较高的硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、固氮菌,有助于促进氮循环,提高系统中氮的利用率,而养殖对象肠道中既有有益菌也有致病菌属。
The aim of the study was to understand the microbial structure in a in-pond three-dimensional culture system(with body mass of 150 g at a stocking density of 11940 ind./hm2)-Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei(with body length of 0.6-1.0 cm at a stocking density of 2539000 ind./hm2)-water spinach Ipomoea aquatica Forsk(at a density of 12 kg per pond).The microbial community structure and composition variation were analyzed in water,sediment,rhizosphere and rhizoplane of water spinach,and intestine of river puffer and Pacific white shrimp in the system by means of Illumina MiSeq sequencing to detect two hypervariable regions(V3 and V4)of bacterial 16S rRNA.The six groups of bacteria in the system were distributed in 62 phyla,and 1503 genera,with dominant phyla including Proteobacteria(27.71%),Actinobacteria(16.37%),Cyanobacteria(16.05%)and Bacteroidetes(10.07%).Rhodococcus,Staphylococcusg,Arcobacter,Rhodobacter,Thiobacillus and Mycoplasma were the dominant genera in the ponds,Actinomycetes,Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in the water,Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in the sediment.Proteobacteria,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in rhizosphere and rhizoplane of water spinach,Firmicutes,Epsilonbacteraeota,Cyanobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestine of river puffer,and Actinomycetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla in the intestine of Pacific white shrimp.There was slightly different distribution of functional bacteria in the in-pond three-dimensional culture system.There was significantly higher relative abundance of nitrobacteria in water spinach rhizoplane than that in water and the intestine of river puffer and Pacific white shrimp(P<0.05).There was significantly higher relative abundance of denitrobacteria in water spinach rhizosphere than that in the other parts(P<0.05),without significant difference among other components(P>0.05).The relative abundance of azotobacter was shown to be significantly higher in water and rhizosphere than that in the intestine of Pacific white shrimp and river puffer,and sediment(P<0.05).The microbial community structure was quite different in different components including sediment,water,water spinach rhizosphere and rhizoplane,and intestine of river puffer and Pacific white shrimp in the system due to different functions.High relative abundances of nitrobacteria,denitrobacteria and azotobacter were observed in rhizosphere and rhizoplane,which promoted the nitrogen cycle and improved the nitrogen utilization in the system.Meanwhile,there were both beneficial bacteria and pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of river puffer and Pacific white shrimp.
作者
邱楚雯
袁新程
施永海
王韩信
谢永德
徐嘉波
税春
QIU Chuwen;YUAN Xincheng;SHI Yonghai;WANG Hanxin;XIE Yongde;XU Jiabo;SHUI Chun(Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station, Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute, Shanghai 200433, China)
出处
《大连海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第3期454-461,共8页
Journal of Dalian Ocean University
基金
上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科创字(2018)第2-8号)
上海长江口主要经济水生动物人工繁育工程技术研究中心项目(13DZ2251800)
上海市农业领军人才项目(沪委农办2018-60号)。
关键词
微生物群落
池塘鱼菜立体种养
高通量测序
微生物多样性
microbiota
in-pond three-dimensional culture system
high-throughput sequencing
microbial diversity
