摘要
沿淮稻茬小麦播期推迟是生产面临的重大问题。为探究播期和品种对稻茬麦产量和产值的影响,2017-2019年度小麦生长季选用20个品种,按照裂区设计,设置10月30日、11月14日、11月29日3个播期,定量解析了播期、品种对小麦产量和产值的影响。结果表明,年度、播期、品种及品种和播期间互作对稻茬小麦产量、产值的影响均显著。随着播期的推迟,稻茬小麦产量和产值呈下降趋势,10月30日后播种时,播期平均每推迟1 d产量下降24.81 kg·hm^(-2),产值降低48.19元·hm^(-2)。不同类型的小麦品种对播期的响应不同,11月14日之前播种时半冬性品种产量、产值总体高于春性品种,11月29日播种时半冬性品种产量、产值总体低于春性品种。晚播对产量、产值的影响与气候有关,灾害年份晚播影响更大。有效穗、群体库数量和库体积降低是晚播小麦产量、产值下降的主要原因,品种间籽粒库质量(容重)差异也是引起产值差异的重要因子。供试品种中荃麦725、安农0711、皖西麦0638、紫麦19、涡麦9号、宁麦13、扬麦20、苏麦188等8个品种的产量、产值较烟农19均增加3%以上。
Delaying sowing-date of wheat planted after rice in Huaihe River Valley is a major problem in wheat production.In order to explore the impact of sowing date and variety on yield and output value of winter wheat,20 varieties were selected in the wheat growing seasons of 2017-2019.Three sowing dates of October 30,November 14 and November 29 were set up according to split plot design.The effects of sowing date and variety on wheat yield and output value were quantitatively analyzed.The results showed that years,sowing period,varieties,andthe interaction between varieties and sowing period had significant effects on yield and output value.When sowing after October 30,the average yield was decreased by 24.81 kg•hm^(-2) and the output value was decreased by 48.19 yuan·hm^(-2).However,the response of different types of varieties to sowing date was different.The yield and output value of semi-winter wheat varieties sown before November 14 were higher than that of spring wheat varieties,while that of semi-winter wheat varieties sown on November 29 was lower than that of spring wheat varieties.The effect of late sowing on yield and output value was relative to climate,especially in disaster years.The decrease of effective panicle,population sink capacity and sink volume caused by late sowing is the main reason for the difference of yield and output value,and the difference of grain sink quality(bulk density)among varieties is also an important factor causing the difference of output value.Compared with Yannong 19,eight varieties,such as Quanmai 725,Annong 0711,Wanximai 0638,Zimai 19,Guomai 9,Ningmai 13,Yangmai 20 and Sumai 188,were selected for more than 3%increase of yield and output value.
作者
赵莉
何贤芳
都斌斌
刘泽
汪建来
ZHAO Li;HE Xianfang;DU Binbin;LIU Ze;WANG Jianlai(Crop Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei,Anhui 230031,China;Lu'an Academy of Agricultural Sciences,LuJan,Anhui 237000,China)
出处
《麦类作物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期613-623,共11页
Journal of Triticeae Crops
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300107)。
关键词
稻茬麦
播期
品种
产量
产值
Wheat after rice
Sowing date
Variety
Yield
Output value
