摘要
为研究鱼类在巡游过程中的动、阻力形成过程和机理,本文利用PIV(particle image velocimetry)技术对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼周身压力分布特征和流体作用力进行分析。研究结果表明:处于巡游状态的草鱼幼鱼,鱼体受到周围流体的推力的大小及其随时间的变化趋势取决于幼鱼周身的正压分布,而鱼体周身的负压分布则主导幼鱼运动过程中流体阻力的形成。实验数据显示,由于幼鱼周围流体正、负压所形成的推力占比分别为59.01%和40.99%,其中基于正压力的游泳效率为(80.20±17.47)%,基于负压力的游泳效率为(58.82±25.82)%,且流体负压所产生的阻力所占比例高达81.88%。同时鱼体头、中、尾部推力占比分别为13.70%、38.49%和47.81%,中部阻力占比最高为72.81%,尾部是推力的主要来源且游泳效率最高为(77.24±12.11)%,整个鱼体都有助于推力的产生。本研究结果有助于加深对鱼类游泳动力学机理的认识和理解,可为鱼类仿生学应用和生态保护提供基础数据支撑。
To study the formation and mechanism of fluid thrust and drag on a fish during its steady swimming,this paper presents an analysis on the characteristics of pressure distribution and fluid forces around a juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus),using the particle image velocimetry(PIV)technology for velocity measurement.The results show that during the movement of the carp,the thrust of surrounding fluid on its body and its time variation depend on the positive pressure distribution on its body,while the negative pressure distribution dominates fluid drag formation.The experimental data reveal the proportions of thrust generated by the positive and negative pressure on the fish are 59.0%and 41.0%respectively.The swimming efficiency is(80.2±17.5)%based on positive pressure and(58.8±25.8)%based on negative pressure,and the drag proportion from negative pressure is as high as 81.9%.The thrust proportions on the fish’s head,middle and tail is 13.7%,38.5%and 47.8%respectively;the drag proportion on its middle part reached up to 72.8%.Its whole body contributes to thrust generation,while the tail is the main source of thrust and the highest swimming efficiency is(77.2±12.1)%.The results of this study helps deepen the understanding of fish swimming dynamics and mechanism and is useful in fish bionics application and ecological protection.
作者
张奔
胡晓
杨国党
龙泽宇
黄慧玲
石小涛
ZHANG Ben;HU Xiao;YANG Guodang;LONG Zeyu;HUANG Huiling;SHI Xiaotao(College of Water Resources and Environment,Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002;Hubei international Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Fish Passage,Three Gorges University,Yichang,Hubei 443002)
出处
《水力发电学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期79-88,共10页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51609125)
国家优秀青年科学基金项目(51922065)
湖北省高等学校优秀中青年科技创新团队计划鱼类过坝技术项目(T201703)。
关键词
巡游
PIV
压力场
推力
阻力
游泳效率
steady swimming
PIV
pressure field
thrust
drag
swimming efficiency
