摘要
有机肥替代化肥和施用硝化抑制剂是提升肥料利用效率、消减施肥所致环境问题的重要途径.2019、2020年针对甘薯(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)种植体系,设置不施肥(CK)、常规施用化肥(NPK)、单施有机肥(M)、减量施氮+有机肥(80%N+M)、减量施氮+有机肥+硝化抑制剂(80%N+M+NI)和减量施氮+硝化抑制剂(80%N+NI)6个处理,通过田间试验研究减量氮肥配施有机肥及硝化抑制剂对土壤pH值、甘薯产量及构成的影响.结果发现,与NPK处理相比:采用M、80%N+M、80%N+M+NI和80%N+NI 4种施肥处理方式2年,土壤pH值升高0.19~0.34;所有有机肥施用处理(M、80%N+M、80%N+M+NI)下的甘薯产量均无显著变化(P>0.05);在2020年,80%N+M处理下的甘薯T/R值降低明显,80%N+M、80%N+M+NI处理平均薯块质量分别增加21.8%、18.7%;仅减量施氮配施硝化抑制剂处理下的甘薯产量及大薯(>250 g)比例显著降低(P<0.05).可见,在甘薯小麦种植体系下,减量氮肥下配施有机肥或者配施有机肥和硝化抑制剂,可显著减缓氮肥施用导致的土壤酸化进程,且有利于甘薯薯块膨大.
Mineral fertilizer substitution by organic fertilizer(OF)and the application of nitrification inhibitor(NI)are crucial measures to promote fertilizer use efficiency and reduce the negative environmental effects induced by excessive fertilization.A two-year field experiment was conducted in sweetpotato(Ipomoea batatas(L.)Lam.)-wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)cropping system to evaluate the effects of reduced nitrogen(N)application combined with OF and/or NI on soil pH,and the tuber yield and its components of sweetpotato,from 2019 to 2020.Six treatments,i.e.,non-fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization(NPK),sole OF application(M),20% of mineral N substitution by OF(80%N+M),20% of mineral N substitution by OF plus NI(80%N+M+NI),and20%reduction of mineral N plus NI(80%N+NI),were set up in the study.The results showed that,the treatments of M,80%N+M,80%N+M+NI,and 80%N+NI increased soil pH by 0.19-0.34 relative to NPK in the two-year study.The tuber yield of sweetpotato in all OF-applied plots showed no significant difference in comparison with that in NPK(P>0.05).Compared with conventional fertilization,the T/Rvalue under 80%N+M reduced obviously and the averaged single tuber weight under 80%N+M and 80%N+M+NI increased by 21.8%and18.7%,respectively,in 2020.However,the tuber yield and the proportion of big tuber(>250 g)under 80%N+NI were significantly(P<0.05)lower than that under NPK.The study demonstrates that reduced N fertilizer combined with OF and with OF plus NI are promising measures to mitigate the soil acidification process while promoting tuber swelling of sweetpotato.
作者
徐聪
张辉
唐忠厚
刘庆
李欢
汪吉东
张永春
Xu Cong;Zhang Hui;Tang Zhonghou;Liu Qing;Li Huan;Wang Jidong;Zhang Yongchun(Institute of Agricultural Resources&Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Scientific Observation&Experimental Station of Arable Land Conservation of Jiangsu Province,MARA,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Xuhuai District of Jiangsu/Sweetpotato Research Institute,CAAS,Xuzhou 221121,Jiangsu,China;College of Resources&Environment,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao 266109,Shandong,China)
出处
《江苏师范大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
2021年第2期26-30,F0003,共6页
Journal of Jiangsu Normal University：Natural Science Edition
基金
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-10-B9)
江苏省重点研发项目(BE2019378)
江苏省基础研究计划(BK20190258)。
关键词
甘薯
有机肥替代化肥
土壤PH值
产量及构成
sweetpotato
organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer
soil pH
tuber yield and yield component
