摘要
水库对径流的调蓄作用,改变了天然河流的水文情势,从而破坏了鱼类原有的生长繁殖条件和对环境的正常行为响应。2011年以来,三峡水库在四大家鱼繁殖期采取了积极的生态调度运行方式以减缓这一不利生态影响。为分析三峡水库运行以来四大家鱼产卵的生态水文响应变化,本研究应用Weber-Fechner生物感知定律,新提出了鱼类感觉日流量涨幅和鱼类感觉累积流量涨幅两个生态水文指标,并借鉴前人提出的有效反映四大家鱼产卵响应的指标,利用2013—2019年多年水文、生物监测成果分析了鱼类产卵与当前水文过程的响应特性。结果表明:(1)当前刺激家鱼产卵的涨水关键生态水文指标为鱼类感觉日流量涨幅、鱼类感觉累积流量涨幅、流量日增长和流量总增长;(2)涨水过程中有效刺激家鱼产卵达全年产卵规模25%以上的生态水文指标阈值为鱼类感觉日流量涨幅8.37%~36.05%、鱼类感觉累积流量涨幅58.58%~180.23%、流量日增长1 295~2 825 m3/s、流量总增长7 500~12 670 m3/s;(3)总体上三峡水库生态调度对四大家鱼产卵具有较好的促进作用。
Reservoir operations change the hydrological natural rivers regime, thereby destroying the original reproduction conditions and the normal behavioral response to the environment of fish. The Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR) has taken an active ecological operation to reduce the adverse ecological impact during the breeding season of the four major Chinese carps(FMCC). To analyze the changes of ecohydrological response of the FMCC spawning since the operation of the TGR, this paper proposed two new ecohydrological indicators by applying the Weber-Fechner biological perception law, the daily increasing discharge in fish perception and the cumulative increasing discharge in fish perception. Coupled with the indicators proposed by previous studies, this paper quantitatively analyzed the response of fish spawning and the hydrologic characteristics of the increasing discharge process using hydrological and biological surveying data from 2013 to 2019. Results show:(1) the key ecohydrological indicators of the FMCC spawning during the increasing discharge process are the daily increasing discharge in fish perception, the cumulative increasing discharge in fish perception, the average daily increasing discharge and the total increasing discharge;(2) when the FMCC spawning amounts exceed 25% of the spawning scale in the whole year, the ecohydrological indicator thresholds are obtained, the daily increasing discharge in fish perception is 8.37%~36.05%, the cumulative increasing discharge in fish perception is 58.58%~180.23%, the average daily increasing discharge is 1 295~2 825 m3/s and the total increasing discharge is 7 500~12 670 m3/s.(3) the ecological operation of the TGR has a good effect on the spawning of the FMCC.
作者
李朝达
林俊强
夏继红
俞立雄
彭期冬
段辛斌
LI Chaoda;LIN Junqiang;XIA Jihong;YU Lixiong;PENG Qidong;DUAN Xinbin(College of Agricultural Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing211100,Jiangsu,China;State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin,Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing100038,China;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute,China Academy of Fishery Sciences,Wuhan430223,Hubei,China)
出处
《水利水电技术（中英文）》
北大核心
2021年第5期158-166,共9页
Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFE019600000,2018YFD0900805,2018YFE0128500)
流域水循环模拟与调节国家重点实验室的自主研究项目(SKL2020ZY10)。
关键词
三峡水库
四大家鱼
生态调度
生态水文响应
The Three Gorges Reservoir
the four major Chinese carps
ecological operation
ecohydrological response
