摘要
人们将生态利益视为非物质性的利益。生态利益具有公共性、外部性、系统性等特征。如何处理好具有这些特征的生态利益与人类行为的短期性、局部性、私利性之间的矛盾,成为生态制度必须要解决的问题。西方学者探索克服“公地悲剧”“搭便车行为”的理论,但私有制无法真正解决生态问题。我国公有制为解决生态问题奠定了制度基础,但也存在短期利益与长远利益、整体利益与局部利益、个人利益与集体利益之间的矛盾。加强空间规划与产权制度设计,约束人的短期行为;加强流域综合管理与系统治理规范,处理好局部利益与整体利益的关系;探索市场化评估制度,加大补偿与惩罚力度,维护生态正义,是处理好短期利益与长远利益、整体利益与局部利益、个人利益与集体利益的制度化路径。
People regard ecological benefits as non-material benefits.Ecological benefits have the characteristics of publicity,externality,and systematicness.How to deal with the contradiction between the ecological benefits with these characteristics and the short-term,locality,and self-interest of human behavior has become a problem that the ecological system must solve.Western scholars have explored theories to overcome the“Tragedy of the Commons”and“Free-riding Behavior”,but private ownership cannot really solve the ecological problems.Public ownership in China has laid the institutional foundation for solving ecological problems,but there are also contradictions between short-term interests and long-term interests,between overall interests and partial interests,and between individual interests and collective interests.Firstly,we should strengthen the design of spatial planning and property rights to restrict human short-term behavior.Then,we need strengthen the comprehensive management and system governance norms of drainage basin,and handle the relationship between partial interests and overall interests.What’s more,we shoule explore market-oriented evaluation systems,intensify compensation and punishment,and maintain ecological justice.The above are institutionalized path for dealing with a variety of interests.
作者
虞新胜
YU Xinsheng(School of Marxism,East China University of Technology,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330013)
出处
《长白学刊》
北大核心
2021年第4期33-39,F0002,共8页
Changbai Journal
基金
教育部中国特色社会主义理论体系研究专项课题“习近平‘以人民为中心’生态利益观研究”(19JD710021)
江西省高校党建规划重点项目“不忘初心、牢记使命”主题教育研究(18DJZD001)。
关键词
生态文明
生态利益
制度规范
Ecological Civilization
Ecological Benefits
Institutional Norms
