摘要
探讨不同氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)配比的施肥措施对银杏果实和外种皮产量、品质的影响,以期为果用银杏林的定向培育和银杏外种皮资源化利用提供理论依据。施肥处理包括N肥+P肥(T1)、N肥+K肥(T2)、P肥+K肥(T3)、N肥+P肥+1/2 K肥(T4)、N肥+1/2 P肥+K肥(T5)、1/2 N肥+P肥+K肥(T6)、N肥+P肥+K肥(T7),并以不施肥为对照(CK),分析不同处理对银杏果实和外种皮的性状、产量以及外种皮黄酮类化合物的影响,并对果实和外种皮指标进行相关分析,采用隶属度函数和主成分分析对不同处理施肥效果进行综合评价。结果表明:不同施肥处理均显著提高银杏单果体积、单果鲜重、挂果量、果实产量、外种皮干重,T6处理的挂果量(2096颗·株^(-1) )显著大于其他处理,T2和T6的外种皮产量(2.59和2.43 kg·株^(-1) )显著大于其他处理。各处理均显著增加外种皮槲皮素和总黄酮含量,T2处理的外种皮总黄酮产量(658.32 mg·株^(-1) )显著大于其他处理。外种皮产量与挂果量、果实产量均呈极显著相关(P<0.01),外种皮总黄酮产量与除了外种皮厚度以外的其他果和外种皮指标均呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。不同处理的综合效果从大到小排序为T2>T6>T4>T3>T5>T1>T7>CK。N肥(0.20 kg N·株^(-1) )+K肥(0.24 kg K_(2)O·株^(-1) )配施(T2)对果实和外种皮产量品质的施肥效果最为理想,施肥效果次之的是1/2 N肥(0.10kg N·株^(-1) )+P肥(0.32 kg P_(2)O_(5)·株^(-1) )+K肥(0.24 kg K_(2)O·株^(-1) )配施(T6)。减少肥料施用量并不会引起减产,反而具有更好的施肥效果和产量效应,在实际生产中应优化施肥方案以提高肥料利用率。
We examined the effects of different combinations of N,P,and K fertilizers on the yield and quality of Ginkgo biloba fruit and sarcotesta,with the aim to provide a theoretical basis for the oriented cultivation of fruit-harvesting Ginkgo biloba and the resource utilization of sarcotesta.Different combinations of N,P,and K fertilizer application were set up,including N fertilizer+P fertilizer (T1),N fertilizer+K fertilizer (T2),P fertilizer+K fertilizer (T3),N fertilizer+P fertilizer+half of K fertilizer (T4),N fertilizer+half of P fertilizer+K fertilizer (T5),half of N fertilizer+P fertilizer+K fertilizer (T6),N fertilizer+P fertilizer+K fertilizer (T7),with no fertilizer application as the control (CK).We measured the characteristics and yield of Ginkgo biloba fruit and sarcotesta,the contents of flavonoids in sarcotesta and the total flavonoids yield of sarcotesta under different treatments.The correlation between fruit and sarcotesta parameters was analyzed.The comprehensive evaluation of different treatments was carried out by the membership function and principal component analysis.Results showed that fertilization significantly increased the size and fresh weight of single fruit,fruit quantity,fruit yield,and dry weight of sarcotesta.The fruit number in T6 (2096 grains·plant^(-1) ) was the higher,while the yields of sarcotesta in both T2 (2.59 kg·plant^(-1) ) and T6 (2.43 kg·plant^(-1) ) were significantly higher than that of other treatments.Furthermore,all fertilizer applications significantly increased the contents of quercetin and total flavonoids in the sarcotesta.The yield of total flavonoids in T2 treatment(658.32 mg·plant^(-1) ) was the highest.The yield of sarcotesta and fruit quantity was significantly correlated with fruit yield (P<0.01).The correlation between total flavonoids yield of sarcotesta and fruit and sarcotesta indices except sarcotesta thickness was also significant (P<0.01).The order of comprehensive effects of fertilization on fruit and sarcotesta was T2>T6>T4>T3>T5>T1>T7>CK.T2[the combined application of N fertilizer (0.20 kg N·plant^(-1) ) and K fertilizer(0.24 kg K_(2)O·plant^(-1) )]was the optimal fertilization scheme for yield and quality of fruit and sarcotesta,followed by T6[the combined application of half of N fertilizer (0.10 kg N·plant^(-1) ),P fertilizer (0.32 kg P_(2)O_(5)·plant^(-1) ) and K fertilizer (0.24 kg K_(2)O·plant^(-1) )].Our results indicated that reducing fertilizer amount did not decrease yield but had better fertilization effects on yield and quality.In practice,fertilizer application scheme should be optimized to improve fertilizer utilization rate.
作者
冯嘉仪
谢姗宴
吴道铭
欧阳健辉
曾曙才
FENG Jia-yi;XIE Shan-yan;WU Dao-ming;OUYANG Jian-hui;ZENG Shu-cai(College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1650-1659,共10页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
国家重点研发计划项目“主要工业原料林高效培育与利用技术研究”(2017YFD0600701)资助。
关键词
果用银杏林
外种皮
黄酮类化合物
减量施肥
产量
fruit-harvesting Ginkgo biloba forest
sarcotesta
flavonoids
fertilizer reduction
yield
