摘要
长江源区位于青藏高原腹地,海拔高、气温低,自然条件恶劣,水文气象监测站点很少,基础资料缺乏,水循环研究相对较少。综述了长江源区水循环研究和观测现状及其存在的问题和困难。目前,长江源区监测站点少且布设不合理,仪器设备运行维护困难,监测数据不能满足相关要求;对水资源变化趋势、下垫面径流效应、水循环机制、地下水运移等水循环机理方面的研究不够深入;水文模拟模型结构有待完善、适用性和通用性还有待验证。提出应采取多部门多学科联合,完善观测站点和平台建设,加强科学研究与国际合作、信息服务和社会效益等措施,促进原位观测和基础理论研究,在观测手段和三水转换、水量平衡、水热耦合等水循环机理,以及高寒水文模型研发和全球气候变化影响等方面加强研究和创新。
Located in the hinterland of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the source region of the Yangtze River is featured with high altitude,low temperature,and harsh natural conditions.As a result,with the lack of hydrometeorological monitoring and basic data,study on the hydrological cycle in this region is inadequate.In this paper,the status of researches and observations of hydrologic cycle in the source region of Yangtze River is reviewed,and existing problems and challenges are expounded.First of all,the monitoring data could not meet research requirements due to insufficient monitoring stations and their unreasonable locations as well as difficulties in operating and maintaining equipment in such unfavorable circumstances.Research on the mechanism of hydrologic cycle needs to be deepened.Such mechanism involves the trend of water resources variation,runoff of underlying surface,groundwater transport,and etc.Moreover,the structure of hydrological simulation models should be enhanced,and the applicability and versatility await verification.Measures to tackle these problems are presented as follows:monitoring stations and platforms need to be upgraded by collaborative efforts from multi-departments and trans-disciplines;international corporation in scientific research can be intensified;information service and social benefits should be taken into consideration;prototype observation and fundamental theoretical research need to be improved.Innovations should also boost in terms of observation approach,atmospheric-solid-liquid water conversion,water balance,hydro-thermal coupling,hydrologic models for alpine area,as well as global climate change impact.
作者
常福宣
洪晓峰
CHANG Fu-xuan;HONG Xiao-feng(Water Resources Utilization Department, Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan 430010, China)
出处
《长江科学院院报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期1-6,共6页
Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute
基金
国家重点研发计划专项(2016YFC0400901)。
关键词
水循环
全球气候变化
水文气象监测站点
研究对策
长江源区
hydrology cycle
global climate change
meterological and hydrological monitoring stations
research countermeasures
source region of the Yangtze River
