摘要
2014年《行政诉讼法》修改,法院对规范性文件的"一并审查"写入法律,但实施中成效不彰,理解上多有分歧。文章论证,一并审查不是一种独立的诉讼类型,而只是法院为正确审理行政案件所做的附带审查。法院对被诉行政行为所依据的行政规范性文件,应当予以"主动、全面、审慎、适度"的审查。具体地说,法院有义务依职权主动审查,以确定相关规范性文件在该案中能否适用,不必以原告申请为前提;审查对象包括被诉行政行为实际依据的规范性文件的相关条款,不管它是否被行政决定书援引;为审慎起见,法院可以考虑提级审理、审委会审理等方式,给予文件制定机关、检察机关、社会组织和专家参与诉讼的机会;对规范性文件合法性审查的标准应当严守职权法定原则,程序问题宜于适用"严重违法"标准,实体裁量可以适用"明显不当"标准。
Regulatory documents,or’normative documents’by literal translation,play an important role in China’s administrative law.While suing a regulatory document is still not allowed,collateral review of regulatory documents on which a specific administrative act is based has been conformed with the amendment of Administrative Litigation Law in 2014.However,the effectiveness of the amendment is not satisfactory.In this article,the author argues that:(1)the court shall take the initiative to review the relevant documents,even if the plaintiff does not apply for such a review;(2)the court shall review the relevant provisions of any kind of regulatory documents,including those made by the Party organizations;(3)the court shall adopt a more deliberate process in reviewing,e.g.,promoting the level of court jurisdiction and admitting more concerned parties into the process;(4)the court shall have the power to review the reasonableness of the document and disapply an obviously unreasonable one.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期139-163,共25页
China Legal Science
