摘要
目的了解近年来阜阳市某区农村饮用水中氟化物的分布特征、影响因素并对其健康风险进行评估。方法通过“全国饮用水水质卫生监测信息系统”收集2015—2018年阜阳市某区农村生活饮用水水质监测数据。依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)对水中氟化物结果进行评价。分别采用MannWhitney U检验和Kruskal-Wallis H检验对2组及多组水样氟化物浓度进行比较。氟化物与水中其他指标间的相关分析采用Spearman秩相关。采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评估模型,对该区农村饮用水中氟化物的非致癌风险进行评价。结果2015—2018年该区424份农村饮用水样中氟化物浓度中位数(最小值,最大值)为0.94(0.09,2.42)mg/L。2015—2018年该区农村饮用水水氟浓度中位数逐年下降,分散式供水单位水氟浓度中位数显著低于集中式供水和小型集中式供水单位,分散式供水水样水氟浓度中位数显著低于出厂水和末梢水水样,深井水源的水氟浓度中位数显著高于浅井水源。不同年度、不同供水单位类型、不同水样类型和不同水源类型的水氟浓度差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示水中氟化物浓度与pH、硫酸盐、溶解性总固体、氯化物、砷浓度呈正相关(rs为0.108~0.508,P<0.05);与总硬度、耗氧量、锰浓度呈负相关(rs分别为-0.341、-0.235、-0.338,P<0.01)。该区农村地区男性、女性和成人经饮用水途径暴露氟化物30年的非致癌风险的危害系数中位数(最小值,最大值)分别为0.39(0.04,1.01)、0.34(0.03,0.86)和0.37(0.04,0.94)。结论该区农村饮用水氟化物分布比较普遍,部分高水氟地区成年男性有一定健康风险。当地应继续寻找合适的低水氟水源,同时加强对改水除氟工程的监督检查和工程管理,确保改水降氟工程有效运转、发挥积极作用。
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics,influencing factors and health risks of fluoride in rural drinking water in a district of Fuyang,China,in recent years.Methods The monitoring data of rural drinking water quality in a district of Fuyang from 2015 to 2018 were collected through the National Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Information System,and the results of fluoride in water were evaluated according to Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2006).The Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for comparison of fluoride concentrations between two groups and among multiple groups,respectively.The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between fluoride and other indicators of water.The health risk assessment model recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agency was used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride in rural drinking water in this district.Results The median(minimum,maximum)of fluoride concentration was 0.94(0.09,2.42)mg/L in 424 rural drinking water samples in this district from 2015 to 2018.The median of fluoride concentration in rural drinking water samples gradually decreased in this district from 2015 to 2018.The median of fluoride concentration in the samples of non-central water supply units was significantly lower than that in the samples of central water supply units and small central water supply units;the median of fluoride concentration in the samples of non-central water supply units was significantly lower than that in the samples of finished water and terminal water;the median of fluoride concentration in the samples of deep well water source was significantly higher than that in the samples of shallow well water source.There was a significant difference in fluoride concentration between different years,different water supply units,different water sample types and different water sources(P<0.05).The Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that fluoride concentration in water was positively correlated with pH,sulfate,total dissolved solids,chloride concentration and arsenic concentration(rs=0.108-0.508,P<0.05)and was negatively correlated with total hardness,oxygen consumption and manganese concentration(rs were-0.341,-0.235,-0.338,respectively,P<0.01).The median(minimum,maximum)hazard quotient of non-carcinogenic risk of fluoride exposure through drinking water for 30 years was 0.39(0.04,1.01)in rural male residents,0.34(0.03,0.86)in rural female residents,and 0.37(0.04,0.94)in rural adults.Conclusion Fluoride is widely distributed in rural drinking water in this district,and there is a certain health risk in adult male residents in some areas with high water fluoride.The local government should continue to look for suitable low-fluoride water sources and strengthen the supervision,inspection,and management of water improvement and defluorination projects,so as to ensure the effective operation of water improvement and defluorination projects.
作者
王丽
郭海昊
苗淑明
郭皙皙
WANG Li;GUO Haihao;MIAO Shuming;GUO Xixi
出处
《环境卫生学杂志》
2021年第2期194-200,共7页
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
关键词
农村
饮用水
氟化物
健康风险评估
rural areas
drinking water
fluoride
health risk assessment
