摘要
食源性疾病预防与控制的关键是对病原微生物的快速检测,而传统的微生物学检测方法耗时、费力、灵敏度低。利用现代分子生物学检测方法,可以快速检测病原微生物以及确定致病菌的关系,追溯致病源头。聚合酶链式反应(PCR)技术、数字PCR技术等可以提高检测的特异性和灵敏度,检测效率有一定提升,但对实验仪器要求较高;通过脉冲场凝胶电泳、多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析、随机扩增多态性DNA技术基因分型等技术,可以快速对微生物分子分型,能够缩短检测时间,但操作较繁琐;利用酶联免疫技术、免疫磁性分离法和免疫磁珠结合PCR法,可以特异性识别病原菌,能够快速分离目标微生物,但成本较高。综述了基于PCR技术的分子生物学检测方法、分子分型方法、免疫学检测方法的进展,旨在为微生物检测方法的技术发展提供参考。
Rapid detection of pathogenic microorganisms was the key way to prevent and control of foodborne diseases.Because traditional microbiological detection methods were cumbersome and low sensitivity,they failed to meet the needs of rapid detection.Using modern molecular biological detection methods,pathogenic microorganisms can be quickly detected and the relationship between pathogenic bacteria can be determined as well.To trace the source of disease,many technologies,such as polymerase chain reaction(PCR) technology,digital PCR technology,etG,can improve the specificity and sensitivity of the detection.However,higher requirements for the experimental apparatus and the detection efficiency are usually accompanied with disadvantages.Quantitative tandem repeat analysis,random amplified polymorphic DNA technology,genotyping and other technologies can quickly type microbial molecules and save detection time,but the operation is cumbersome and requires high-quality laboratory personnel;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,immunomagnetic separation and immunomagnetic beads combined with PCR can specifically identify pathogens and can quickly isolate target microorganisms,but the cost is high.This review summarizes the progress of PCR based molecular biological detection methods,molecular typing methods and immunological detection methods in order to provide reference for the technical development of microbial detection methods.
作者
王深垒
马盼盼
江天珂
康文艺
郜晓峰
WANG Shenlei;MA Panpan;JIANG Tianke;KANG Wenyi;GAO Xiaofeng(National R&D Center for Edible Fungus Processing Technology,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,China;Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Food&Medicine Resource Function,Kaifeng 475004,China;Henan University,School of Pharmacy,Kaifeng 475004,China)
出处
《河南工业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第2期129-135,共7页
Journal of Henan University of Technology：Natural Science Edition
基金
国家重点研发计划(2017YFC1601400)。
关键词
致病菌
免疫学检测
PCR技术
分子鉴定
pathogenic bacteria
immunological test
PCR technology
molecular identific
