摘要
儿童早期动作的发展可视为个体早期的外显智力,动作的毕生发展与个体认知发展及个性和社会性发展密切相关.认知神经学科和脑科学技术的革命性发展为研究动作领域的毕生发展的神经机制提供了基础和契机.从毕生发展的角度看,动作的产生以及动作技能的获得是婴儿阶段发育的里程碑;到了儿童青少年期,动作技能的有效性、精确性和稳定性均得到提高;成年早期到晚期,运动能力经历了巅峰到明显衰退的转变.目前关于动作的神经机制的研究主要探究了毕生发展过程中动作的产生、发展、衰退背后的大脑结构变化及大脑网络连接的改变.本文从认知科学和认知神经科学角度回顾了个体动作在婴幼儿期、儿童青少年期及成年期等阶段的发展特点及其背后的神经机制,提出了未来该领域认知神经科学方向面临的挑战及亟待解决的问题,并对国内该领域未来的研究和发展进行了分析和预测.
The development of children’s early motor can be regarded as an individual’s early explicit intelligence,and the lifelong development of motor is closely related to an individual’s cognitive development,and personality and social development.The revolutionary development of cognitive neuroscience and brain science technology provides the foundation and opportunity for studying neural mechanisms of lifelong development in the field of motor.From the perspective of lifelong development,the generation of motor and the acquisition of motor skills are milestones of infant development.The effectiveness,accuracy and stability of motor skills in childhood and adolescence develop rapidly.From the early to late adulthood,motor ability experiences a peak and then a significant decline.Current research on neural mechanisms of actions mainly discusses the changes in brain structure and brain network connections behind the generation,development and decline of actions during the lifelong development.From the perspective of cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience,this article reviewed the developmental characteristics of individual motor in infancy,child,adolescence and adulthood and neural mechanisms behind it.It also put forward the challenges and problems to be solved in the future of cognitive neuroscience,and analyzed and predicted the future research and development in this field in China.
作者
武志俊
王争艳
王强
WU ZhiJun;WANG ZhengYan;WANG Qiang(Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition,School of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;Child Development Research Center,School of Psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)
出处
《中国科学：生命科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期619-633,共15页
Scientia Sinica(Vitae)
基金
中国科学技术协会学科发展项目(批准号:2018XKFZ03)
国家自然科学基金(批准号:31971006)资助。
关键词
动作
毕生发展
认知心理
认知神经
motor
lifelong development
cognitive psychology
cognitive neuroscience
