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分子筛催化剂的发展与展望 被引量:5

Development and Prospect of Molecular Sieve Catalysts
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摘要 分子筛又称沸石,沸石的研究始于18世纪50年代。瑞典矿物学家Cronstedt发现有一类天然硅铝酸盐矿物在灼烧时会产生泡沸现象,就称之为沸石。1883年Eichhorn首先观察到沸石的离子交换性并进行了应用。1936年,人们用酸洗过的天然粘土作为石油裂化催化剂,这是分子筛催化剂的先导。随后,又使用无定形的氧化硅-氧化铝固体,获得较高的裂化效果。20世纪50年代,美国联合碳化物公司(UCC)首次开发出合成沸石分子筛,主要用作干燥剂、净化剂、烃类分离。随后,各种类型的分子筛催化剂被合成或发现,广泛应用于石油和化工行业。分子筛催化剂是一种绿色、高效、可控性的催化剂,在国民经济发展中有着重要的战略地位。然而,很长一段时间,分子筛催化剂的合成不环保、不经济、能耗高,热稳定性和水热稳定性较差,催化效率不高,合成方法研究主要凭经验,主要用途限定于炼油和化工合成方面,且分子催化剂的回收利用研究较少,极大地制约了分子筛催化剂的发展和应用。近年来,分子筛催化剂的研究取得了长足的发展,合成方法更加经济、环保、节能,采用了数字化、信息化手段,分子筛催化剂的研究和合成更加高效,应用范围空前拓展,广泛应用于医疗、环保、电子等新型领域。本文综述了分子筛催化剂的发展历程、制备方法及应用,同时对分子筛催化剂未来发展趋势进行了展望。 Molecular sieve, also known as zeolite, the study of zeolite began in the 1850s.Swedish mineralogists Cronstedt found that there was a class of natural aluminosilicate minerals in the burning will produce bubble boiling phenomenon, called zeolite. The ion exchange of zeolite was first observed and applied by Eichhorn in 1883. In 1936, pickled natural clay was used as the catalyst for petroleum cracking, which was the forerunner of molecular sieve catalyst. Subsequently, amorphous silicon oxide-alumina solid was used to obtain high cracking effect. During the 1950s, United Carbide Company (UCC) first developed synthetic zeolite molecular sieve, which was mainly used as desiccant, purifying agent and hydrocarbon separation. Subsequently, various types of molecular sieve catalysts were synthesized or discovered and widely used in petro- leum and chemical industries.Molecular sieve catalyst is a green, efficient and controllable catalyst, which plays an important strategic role in the development of national economy. However, for a long time, the synthesis of molecular sieve catalysts is not environmentally friendly, economical, energy consumption is high, thermal stability and hydrothermal stability are poor, catalytic efficiency is not high. The research of synthesis methods is mainly based on experience, and the main uses are limited to refining and chemical synthesis. In recent years, the research of mole- cular sieve catalyst has made great progress, the synthesis method is more economical, environmental protection, energy saving, using digital and information means, the research and synthesis of molecular sieve catalyst is more efficient, the application scope is unprecedented, widely used in medical, environmental protection, electronics and other new fields.The development history, preparation methodsof zeolite catalysts are reviewed. The future development trend of zeolite catalysts is also introduced.
作者 熊浩林 韩秀梅 张晓燕 XIONG Haolin;HAN Xiumei;ZHANG Xiaoyan(School of Resources and Materials,Northeast University at Qinhuangdao,Qinhuangdao 066100,China)
出处 《材料导报》 EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2021年第S01期137-142,共6页 Materials Reports
关键词 分子筛 催化剂 沸石 晶体结构 孔径 molecular sieve catalyst zeolite crystal structure aperture
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