摘要
2019年11月联合国环境规划署(UNEP,United Nations Environment Programme)发布的《排放差距报告2019》[1]为《巴黎协定》1.5℃长期控温目标的实现蒙上阴影,实际减排力度与目标之间的巨大差距要求各缔约国强化其自主贡献目标和行动。甲烷作为仅次于二氧化碳的第二大温室气体,其20年升温潜势为二氧化碳的84倍,研究表明甲烷贡献了人为感知全球变暖的25%,因此大幅削减甲烷排放可以有效地延缓全球变暖速度,为全球应对气候变化赢得时间窗口。从全球范围来看,油气行业是能源部门最大的甲烷排放源,占人类活动导致甲烷排放的19%左右,达到了7210万吨,所以油气行业的甲烷减排行动不仅是应对气候变化的关键措施,同时也是实现区域和国家气候目标的重要组成部分。当前,在国家和地区积极的气候政策推动下,国际上主要的油气公司都发布了以甲烷为主要内容的气候目标,不过不同地区和类型的油气公司公布气候目标也有差别,本文将对比不同气候政策驱动下油气公司的气候目标特点,以分析甲油气公司的甲烷行动。
The "Emissions Gap Report 2019" issued by the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) in November 2019 casts a shadow over the achievement of the 1.5℃ long-term temperature control target of the Paris Agreement.The huge gap between actual emission reductions and the projected target requires all parties to strengthen its Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs) and actions.As the second-largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, methane has a 20-year global warming potential of 84 times than that of carbon dioxide.Studies have shown that methane contributes 25% of the human perception of global warming.Therefore, a substantial reduction in methane emissions can effectively delay the global warming rate and buy the time for the global response to climate change.From a global perspective, the oil and gas industry is the largest source of methane emissions in the energy sector, accounting for about 19% of methane emissions caused by anthropogenic activities, reaching 72.1 million tons.Therefore, methane emission reduction actions in the oil and gas industry are not only key measures to address climate change but also important factor to achieve regional or national climate goals.Currently, driven by the country’s or region’s active climate policies, major international oil and gas companies have issued climate targets with methane as the main content.However, there are still differences in the climate targets announced by different regions and types of oil and gas companies.This article will try to compare climate targets of oil and gas companies driven by climate policies to analyze the methane actions of oil and gas companies.
作者
魏威
秦虎
高霁
汪维
WEI Wei;QIN Hu;GAO Ji;WANG Wei(Environmental Defense Fund,Beijing 100007,China)
出处
《环境与可持续发展》
2021年第3期53-59,共7页
Environment and Sustainable Development
关键词
甲烷减排
油气行业
气候变化政策
能源转型
methane emission reduction
oil and gas industry
climate change policy
energy transition
