摘要
为了解稻虾生态种养对太湖区域优良食味粳稻产量与品质的影响,以期为稻虾复合种养模式提供决策参考。选用5个优良食味粳稻品种(系),进行稻虾复合种养和宽窄行两种栽插密度处理,分析水稻产量与品质形成特点。与常规大田栽培比较,稻虾种养显著改善土壤理化性状,有效穗数显著增加,但茎蘖成穗率、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量显著降低;稻虾种养显著改善垩白性状,蛋白质和直链淀粉含量显著增加,崩解值和糊化温度升高,消减值降低;降低栽插密度能改善稻米品质;稻虾种养对品质的影响不同品种之间存在差异,种植模式与品种之间互作对稻米品质有显著影响。长期稻虾共作稻田宜选用适宜的优良食味品种,适量减施氮肥和减少栽插密度可以实现水稻安全稳产,改善稻米的食味品质。
To understand the effects of rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding on the yield and quality of fine palatable japonica rice in Taihu Lake region, and provide reference for the decision-making of ricecrayfish ecological planting and breeding, five rice varieties(lines) with good taste and two planting densities were selected to analyze the characteristics of rice yield and quality formation under different modes of ricecrayfish ecological planting and breeding and traditional rice cultivation. The results showed that the soil physical and chemical properties were significantly improved in rice-crayfish ecosystem compared with that of traditional field cultivation. The number of effective panicles increased significantly, but panicle formation rate, grain number per spike, seed setting rate, 1000 grain weight and yield decreased significantly. The chalkiness trait was significantly improved by the ecological planting and breeding, the contents of protein and amylose significantly were increased, as well as the disintegration value and gelatinization temperature, and the subtracting value was decreased. Reducing planting density could improve rice quality. There were differences among the varieties, and some related traits of rice quality were significantly affected by the interaction between planting patterns and varieties. In general, rice varieties with fine palatable quality is suitable for the long term rice-crayfish ecological planting and breeding, and proper reduction of nitrogen and planting density could ensure safe and stable production and achieve better taste quality.
作者
董明辉
顾俊荣
李锦斌
王冬明
宋云生
陈培峰
Dong Minghui;Gu Junrong;Li Jinbin;Wang Dongming;Song Yunsheng;Chen Peifeng(Taihu Agricultural Research Institute of Jiangsu,Suzhou Jiangsu 215106;Yangzhou Universityf Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;Shanghai Dafeng Seeds Industry Co.,Ltd.,Yancheng Jiangsu 224000;Guli Agricultural Extension Services Center of Changshu City,Suzhou Jiangsu 215515)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2021年第17期1-12,共12页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
国家重点研发计划课题“稻田综合种养绿色高效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD300804)
江苏省重点研发计划项目“稻田优质绿色高效综合种养技术集成创新与示范”(BE2018355)
江苏现代农业产业建设基金“江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目”(JATS[2020]100)
苏州市农业科技创新项目“优质稻米绿色生产模式及其配套技术集成应用”(SNG2017079),苏州市农业科技创新项目“苏南地区稻田种养立体增效技术研究与示范”(SNG2018084)
扬州市现代农业项目“高产水稻节肥减药增效技术集成与示范(YZ2017054)”。
关键词
稻虾共作
生态种养
栽插密度
优良食味
产量
稻米品质
rice-crayfish culture
ecological planting and breeding
planting density
high quality taste
grain yield
rice quality
