摘要
目的对遵义市红花岗区出生缺陷(Birth defects.BDs)人群监测结果进行分析,为进一步进行BDs危险因素研究奠定基础。方法选取妇幼卫生监测数据直报三期系统中红花岗区BDs人群监测的数据进行分析,调查对象为母亲分娩期居住在红花岗区内2013-10/2019-09期间出生或治疗性引产、胎龄28周(或体重≥1000)以上、出生后42 d内依据ICD-10诊断标准诊断是否有BDs的所有新增出生婴儿,对BDs发生的时间、缺陷类型、人群分布及其他相关资料用Excel 2007软件建立数据库,采用卡方检验进行统计分析。检验水准α=0.05。结果2014-2019年红花岗区新增出生婴儿上报54252例,发现缺陷儿1099例,缺陷总发生率为202.57/万。主要BDs前10位为先心病、其他外耳畸形、多指(趾)、总唇裂、并指(趾)、小耳畸形、马蹄内翻足、肢体短缩先、肾脏畸形、先天性甲状腺功能低下,其中先心病发生率增长较快,2019年较2014年增长超过了10倍。BDs发生率男性大于女性,多胎高于双胎,单胎最低;母亲生育年龄≥35岁组高于其他年龄组;母亲为蒙古族、苗族组高于其他民族,出生季节不同BDs发生率有差异。生化、染色体核型分析、核磁共振等辅助诊断方式占比仅1.63%,产前诊断率仅为4.28%。结论红花岗区上报BDs发生率呈上升趋势,以先心病为主,产前诊断水平极低。建议提倡适龄生育、避免多胎妊娠以降低BDs的风险,加大BDs危险因素研究识别BDs高危因素及针对高危因素的孕前综合干预投入,提高筛查诊治水平,是提高BDs防控能力的有效措施。
Objective To describe the epidemiologic characteristics and risk factors of the birth defects(BDs)of Honghuagang District,Zunyi City.Methods We collected the population monitoring data of birth defects from in the Maternal and Child Health Monitoring Data Direct ReportingⅢ-stage system in Honghuagang District from 2014 to 2019.Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data.The test level wasα=0.05.Results Totally 54252 newborns were enrolled,and 1099 were diagnosed with birth defect,with an overall incidence of 202.57/105.The top ten types of birth defects were precardiac diseases,appendicular and other external auditory canal malformations,polydactyly(toe)microtia,talipes.equinovarus,limb redction,renal abnormalities and congenital hypothyrodism,total cleft lip,and syndactyly(toe).The incidence of precardiac diseases was increasing rapidly,evidenced by over 10-fold increase in 2019 compared to 2014.In addition,the incidence of BDs was higher in males,multiple births,mothers aged≥35 years,Mongolian and Miao ethnicity,while the incidence was lower in singletons.Importantly,the incidence of BDs varied significantly among different seasons.However,the utilization of auxiliary diagnostic modalities such as biochemistry,karyotyping and MRI accounted for only 1.63%,and the prenatal diagnosis rate was only 4.28%.Conclusion The incidence of reported BDs in Honghuagang District is continuously increasing,especially for prenatal heart diseases.It is recommended to promote age-appropriate childbearing and avoid multiple pregnancies to reduce the risk of birth defects,and comprehensive pre-conception interventions targeting high-risk factors should be adopt to improve the prevention and control of birth defects.
作者
晋其云
熊燚
蒋智钢
严福莉
舒胜
景梦昕
王前芳
JIN Qiyun;XIONG Yi;JIANG Zhigang;YAN Fuli;SHU Sheng;JING Mengxin;WANG Qianfang(Zunyi Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China;School of Public Health,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China;Honghuagang District Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Zunyi 563000,Guizhou Province,China)
出处
《预防医学情报杂志》
CAS
2021年第6期818-823,共6页
Journal of Preventive Medicine Information
基金
遵义市科技计划项目(项目编号:遵义市合HI字[2019]227号)。
关键词
出生缺陷
人群监测
发生率
遵义市红花岗区
birth defects
population monitoring
incidence
Honghuagang District of Zunyi City
