摘要
我国国家公园建设正处于起步阶段,广泛了解世界上其他国家公园的面积规模和特点,对今后的国家公园建设实践具有重要意义。以加拿大、俄罗斯、美国、巴西、南非、法国、日本、新西兰8个国家为例,对比分析国家公园的建设面积,进一步讨论以历史文化、珍稀物种、生态系统、自然景观为主要保护对象以及综合保护型国家公园的规模特点。统计了308个国家公园,其中2/3国家公园的面积在100~2500 km^(2),面积小于100 km^(2)的国家公园一般因特殊的历史文化价值、保护海岛海岸自然景观或分布狭窄的珍稀物种而设立,面积大于2500 km^(2)的国家公园多是对热带雨林、荒漠、冰川苔原等生态系统或多种生态系统的综合保护。结合我国国家公园的定位和设立目标,建议综合保护型国家公园面积在500 km^(2)以上,以河湖湿地和海岛海岸生态系统或地质地貌景观为主要保护对象的国家公园规模可稍小,但不宜低于100 km^(2)。随着今后国家公园建设的推进,应不断地反思和总结实践经验,探索中国特色的国家公园建设适宜面积。
At present, the construction of national parks has just started in China. It is of great significance to know the size of other national parks in the world for developing China’s national parks. We counted the number and area of national parks in eight countries-Canada, Russia, the United States, Brazil, South Africa, France, Japan and New Zealand, and compared the scale of different types of national parks with historical culture, species, ecosystem, natural landscape and the complex as the main protection objects.Among all 308 national parks studied, two-thirds of them cover an area between 100 km^(2) and 2 500 km^(2).The national parks with an area less than 100 km^(2) were generally established for their special historical culture, attractive island landscape, or rare species with narrow distribution, while those with an area of more than 2 500 km^(2) were mainly for the protection of tropical rain forest, desert, tundra or the comprehensive protection of multiple ecosystems. According to the statistical results and China’s conservation goal for national parks, we suggest that a national park for the comprehensive protection should be more than 500 km^(2), and a national park for protecting river and lakes, coastal or island ecosystems, or geological relics could be smaller, but not less than 100 km^(2). As the number of national parks in China will increase in the future, it is important to constantly reflect and summarize experience from practice, and keep exploring appropriate area of national parks in China.
作者
江南
臧振华
徐卫华
欧阳志云
赵娟娟
JIANG Nan;ZANG Zhen-hua;XU Wei-hua;OUYANG Zhi-yun;ZHAO Juan-juan(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology,Research Center far Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,P.R.China;College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715,P.R.China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第2期28-34,共7页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences
基金
科技部第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究“自然保护地体系”(2019QZKK0401)
中国科学院国际合作项目“我国国家公园体制建设的主要问题与对策研究”(E1E00201)。
关键词
国家公园面积
保护对象
生物多样性
area of national park
protected objective
biodiversity
