摘要
印度作为发展中国家和人口大国,在自然保护地生物多样性保护方面面临着很多困难与挑战。但印度的国家公园体系建立后,开展了卓有成效的老虎保护行动。在介绍印度的自然保护地体系基础之上,梳理了印度国家公园“老虎项目”社区参与经历的被动搬迁、联合共管、积极参与3个发展阶段,总结得出社区教化、发动群众、鼓励典型、人退虎进、生态旅游、谈判协商这6种社区参与方式,以及原住民权利获得、保障社区利益这两种社区参与特点,最后提出对我国国家公园社区参与生态保护项目的启示,包括构建政府主导的社区共管机制、多渠道鼓励社区参与保护、保护传统生活与地方知识、多源构建保护补偿基金等,期望能对我国国家公园社区参与生物多样性保护有所借鉴。
As a developing country with a large population,India is faced with many difficulties and challenges in biodiversity protection in natural protected areas.However,after the establishment of its national park system,India has carried out fruitful tiger protection actions.In this paper,we introduce the nature protection system in India in the first place and summarize the three stages of Indian national parks'community participation in"Tiger Project",i.e.,passive relocation,joint condominium and positive participation.Then the six ways of community participation are summarized,including implementing community education,mobilizing the masses,encouraging typical representatives,carrying out tiger-in and people-out policy,developing ecotourism and building consultation mechanism.Rights of indigenous people and interests of the community have promoted community participation.Finally,enlightenments on community participation in ecological protection projects of national parks are put forward,such as building a government-led community co-management mechanism,encouraging community participation in protection through multiple opportunities,protecting traditional culture and local knowledge,constructing protection compensation fund from multiple sources.India's experience in natural resources protection supported by community is of valuable reference for our country's national parks and other natural protected areas.
作者
张姝琳
王梦桥
王忠君
ZHANG Shu-lin;WANG Meng-qiao;WANG Zhong-jun(School of Landscape Architecture,Beijing Forestry University,100083,P.R.China)
出处
《北京林业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2021年第2期101-107,共7页
Journal of Beijing Forestry University ：Social Sciences
基金
国家重点研发计划专题“乡村生态景观物种多样性维护技术研究”(2019YFD11004032)。
关键词
印度国家公园
社区参与
老虎项目
孟加拉虎
Indian national parks
community participation
Tiger Project
Bengal tiger
