摘要
尼日尔河是非洲的主要江河之一,基于该流域1951—2012年的水文气象资料,采用Mann-Kendall秩次相关检验、Morlet小波分析和R/S分析等方法,分析了过去这60年来水文气象要素演变特征、年内分布以及降水量-径流深响应关系。结果表明:1951—2012年期间,尼日尔河流域年均气温呈现上升趋势,年均气温在1992年发生突变;年降水量和年径流深都呈现下降趋势,年径流深下降突变点在1966年,年降水量下降突变发生在1962年;在年内分配上,气温、降水量、径流深的多年月平均峰值不同期,最高月平均气温出现在5月份,而降水量和径流深的月平均峰值分别出现在8月份和11月份,径流深峰值较降水量峰值推迟3个月出现;年均气温在30年时间尺度上的信号震荡最强,30年为其第1主周期,年降水量和年径流深的震荡主周期均为30年;根据年降水量、年径流深和年均气温的突变点,将水文气象资料系列划分为1951—1966年、1967—1992年和1993—2012年3个阶段,发现不同阶段的降水量-径流深响应关系差别较大,非气候因素对区域水文具有一定的影响。
The Niger River is one of the main rivers in Africa.Based on the hydrological and meteorological data of the watershed from 1951 to 2012,Mann-Kendall rank test,Morlet wavelet analysis and R/S analysis are applied.The evolution characteristics,annual distribution of hydrometeorological elements and the relationship between precipitation and runoff depth in the past 60 years are analyzed.The results are as follows.From 1951 to 2012,the annual average temperature of the Niger River Basin showed an upward trend,and the average annual temperature had a sudden change in 1992.Both the annual precipitation and the annual runoff depth showed a downward trend.The sudden change point of the annual runoff depth decline was in 1966,and the sudden change of the annual precipitation decline occurred in 1962.In terms of distribution within the year,the peaks of multi-year monthly average temperature,multi-year monthly average precipitation,and multi-year monthly average runoff depth were different in different periods.The highest monthly average temperature occurred in May,while the peaks of monthly average precipitation and monthly average runoff depth appeared in August and November respectively,and the peak runoff depth was delayed by 3 months from the precipitation peak.The annual mean temperature had the strongest signal fluctuation on the 30-year time scale.30 years was the first main cycle,and the main cycle of annual precipitation and annual runoff depth were both 30 years.According to the abrupt points of annual precipitation,annual runoff depth and annual average temperature,the hydrometeorological data series are divided into three stages of 1951 to 1966,1967 to 1992 and 1993 to 2012.It is found that the relationship between precipitation and runoff depth at different stages is quite different,and non-climatic factors have a certain impact on regional hydrology.
作者
胡一帆
刘颖
李杨
李文鑫
李小平
薛运宏
HU Yifan;LIU Ying;LI Yang;LI Wenxin;LI Xiaoping;XUE Yunhong(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China;Administration Center for Water Resources and Water Right of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Huhehot 010020,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Xinyang Hydrology and Water Resources Bureau of Henan Province,Xinyang 464000,China)
出处
《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》
北大核心
2021年第3期49-56,共8页
Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition
基金
“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFA0601500,2017YFC0404401,2017YFA0605002,2017YFC0404602,2018YFC0407705)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(51879162,52079026,92047301)
水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室“一带一路”水与可持续发展科技基金项目(2019nkzd02)。
关键词
尼日尔河流域
水文气象要素
演变特征
周期分析
响应关系
Niger River Basin
hydrometeorological elements
evolution characteristics
periodic analysis
response relationship
