摘要
当前,中超收支失衡是影响联赛健康发展最大的障碍。利用文献资料法、半结构访谈法和价值链理论,归纳出中超价值链基本架构。研究得出:(1)中超价值链设计和经营环节中存在球员(尤其是外援和外教)身价虚高、薪资支出比例过大,训练基地、球场租赁开支大,税赋种类多、数额高等问题。(2)销售与服务环节价值实践壁垒主要包括对商业赞助依赖度高,联赛中垄断式赞助妨碍了俱乐部商业开发;中超俱乐部门票占比过低;俱乐部自主商品收入低等。造成这些问题的原因在于:(1)政府对职业足球属性定位不清,经营过程中支持不足。(2)联赛无形资产产权归属不合理,对俱乐部限制较多。(3)俱乐部经营模式单一,后备人才培养动力不足等。对此,破解路径应着力于以下两个方面:(1)设计与经营环节应加大青训支持力度,釜底抽薪,从根本上消除身价泡沫;借鉴五大联赛做法,对职业俱乐部进行准确定位,降低税赋。(2)价值实现环节应注重联赛经营中俱乐部的主体地位,明确联赛资产产权归属;加快转变经营理念,多元化经营;尽快发行以我国足球职业联赛为竞猜对象的足球彩票。
At present,the imbalance of income and expenditure is the biggest obstacle to the healthy development of the CSL.Using the methods of literature review,semi-structured interview and value chain theory,we summarized the basic structure of value chain of CSL.In the design and operation of CSL's value chain,there are some problems,such as the high value of players(especially foreign players and foreign coaches),too large proportion of salary expenditure,large expenses of training base and stadium leasing,various types of tax and high amount of tax.The main obstacles include the low proportion of club sponsorship and commercial service,low proportion of club sponsorship and commercial service.The reasons lie in three aspects:The government does not define the nature of professional football clearly,and lacks support in the process of operation.The ownership of intangible assets of league matches is unreasonable,and there are many restrictions on clubs.The club management mode is single,the reserve talent training power is insufficient.To solve these problems,we should focus on the following two aspects:First,design and operation links,increase support for youth training,eliminate occupation bubbles,draw lessons from the five major league matches,and accurately locate professional clubs and reduce taxes.Second,in the process of value realization,we should pay attention to the dominant position of clubs in league management,make clear the ownership of League assets,accelerate the transformation of business philosophy and diversify operation,and issue football lottery tickets with Chinese football professional league as the object of competition as soon as possible.
作者
徐福振
崔国文
XU Fuzhen;CUI Guowen(Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301167,China;Binzhou University,Binzhou 256600,China)
出处
《天津体育学院学报》
CAS
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期456-462,共7页
Journal of Tianjin University of Sport
基金
国务院足球改革发展部际联席会议办公室重点项目(项目编号:2017-8)
天津市哲学社会科学规划基金项目(项目编号:TJTY19-005)。
关键词
价值链
中超联赛
实践壁垒
俱乐部
the value chain
CSL
barriers to practice
the club
