摘要
目的分析无锡市新吴区接种EV71疫苗前后4年手足口病流行特征,为更好地开展EV71疫苗接种和手足口病防控提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,统计分析2013—2020年无锡市新吴区手足口病监测资料和2017—2020年EV71疫苗接种资料。结果接种前四年累计报告手足口病9589例(重症104例,1.08%),年均发病率431.15/10万,接种后4年累计报告手足口病7396例(重症21例,0.28%),年均发病率325.28/10万。接种前后年均发病率和重症率均呈下降趋势,发病主要集中在5~7月,10~11月;地区分布均以江溪、梅村、硕放街道为主;发病年龄均以≤5岁儿童为主;男性多于女性。2013—2020年送检394例标本,检测阳性231例,总阳性率58.63%,接种前后,病原学构成变化明显,EV71型下降明显(χ^(2)=69.70,P<0.05),CA16、CA6型上升明显(χ^(2)=22.35,P<0.05)。2017—2020年无锡市新吴区共接种EV71疫苗12472人,逐年估算接种率分别为3.78%,10.96%,8.40%和7.63%。结论无锡市新吴区EV71疫苗使用前后,手足口病三间分布无明显变化,但年发病率和重症率都呈下降趋势,优势肠道病原构成发生变化,建议加大EV71疫苗使用和多价手足口病疫苗的研发。
Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of the hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in four years before and after EV71 vaccine inoculation,and to provide a basis for better EV71 vaccination and prevention and control of HFMD.Methods The descriptive epidemiology method was used to analyze the monitoring data of HFMD from 2013 to 2020 and EV71 vaccination from 2017 to 2020 in Xinwu District of Wuxi City.Results A total of 9589 HFMD cases including 104 severe cases(accounting for 1.08%)were reported in four years before EV71 vaccination,and the reported average annual incidence rate was 431.15/100000.A total of 7396 HFMD cases including 21 severe cases(accounting for 0.28%)were reported in four years after vaccine inoculation,and the reported average annual incidence rate was 325.28/100000.Annual incidence rate and severe illness rate decreased significantly before and after vaccine inoculation.The HFMD incidences displayed two epidemic peaks,from May to June and from October to November.The three streets with the highest average annual incidence were Jiangxi,Meicun,and Shuofang.The HFMD cases were mainly children under 5 years old,and there were more men than women.A total of 394 samples were sent for examination from 2013-2020,and 231 were positive,with a total positive rate of 58.63%.There were significant changes in the etiological composition before and after vaccine inoculation.The composition of EV71 virus decreased significantly(χ^(2)=69.70,P<0.05),while CA16 and CA6 increased significantly(χ^(2)=22.35,P<0.05).From 2017 to 2020,a total of 12472 people were inoculated with EV71 vaccine in Xinwu District of Wuxi City,with estimated annual vaccination rates of 3.78%,10.96%,8.40%and 7.63%,respectively.Conclusion There is no significant change in time,region and population distribution of HFMD before and after EV71 vaccination in Xinwu District of Wuxi City,but the annual incidence rate and severe illness rate show a decreasing trend,and the dominant intestinal pathogens have changed.It is suggested to strengthen the use of EV71 vaccine and the development of multivalent HFMD-related vaccine.
作者
盛晟
张克兴
黄彬鋆
SHENG Sheng;ZHANG Kexing;HUANG Binjun(Xinwu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Wuxi,Jiangsu 214028,China)
出处
《公共卫生与预防医学》
2021年第4期80-83,共4页
Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine
关键词
手足口病
流行特征
EV71疫苗
Hand-food-mouth disease(HFMD)
Epidemiology characteristics
EV71 vaccine
