摘要
目的:统计与分析《中华本草》中可鲜用中药及其特点,为鲜药的开发应用提供参考。方法:对《中华本草》收录中药进行逐一筛选,以"采收加工"项明确出现鲜用、"用法用量"项记载捣敷(汁)和捣烂等处理方法、附方或古籍项记载可鲜用为纳入标准,并将纳入的中药相关信息输入Excel表格进行统计分析。结果:共纳入可鲜用中药4284种,性味以寒凉、苦辛甘为主,归经以肝、肺、胃、脾为主,全草、鲜叶、根、茎、根茎和果子等均可鲜用,鲜药入药前处理方法以捣敷、捣汁、捣烂、绞汁为主,外用方法以敷、涂、搽、滴耳、擦为主,给药剂量以适量、30~60 g、鲜品加倍居多;但统计发现部分鲜药记载不规范,有待进一步改进。结论:可鲜用中药良多,但收录于《中国药典》的明确可鲜用的中药仅7种,有待进一步临床观察与补充。鲜药临床应用以表证、热证和急证为主,与其性味归经关系密切,如"苦"能泻能燥,"辛"具发散、行气与行血的作用,"甘"多具补益、和中和缓急之功,即适用于表证、急证及热证的治疗。鲜药归经与温热病发病因素相符。但是,鲜药性味归经、使用剂量、加工方法等存在记载不规范等现象,有待进一步改进。
OBJECTIVE To conduct statistical analysis of fresh herbs and its characteristics recorded in Chinese Materia Medica to provide references for the development and application of fresh herbs.METHODS Fresh herbs in Chinese Materia Medica was screened one by one.The inclusion criteria were"fresh use"recorded in the"Harvest&Processing"item,processing methods such as tamping(juice)and mashing in the"Usage&Dosage"item and"Fresh Use"in the attached prescriptions or ancient books.The relevant information of included fresh herbs were entered into Excel for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 4284 kinds of fresh herbs were included.The dominant natures and flavors were cold and cool,bitter,pungent and sweet.The major channel tropisms were liver,lung,stomach and spleen.Whole grass,fresh leaves,roots,stems,rhizome and fruits might be used freshly.The common pretreatment methods of fresh herbs were tamping,juice tamping,mashing and juice wringing;The major methods of external application were external application,smear,liniment,ear drop and rubbing;Most doses were moderate,30-60 g and doubling fresh herbs;However,the records of some fresh herbs are not standardized and should be further improved.CONCLUSION Many kinds of fresh herbs are available.Only 7 kinds of fresh herbs are included in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,requiring further clinical observations and supplement.The clinical applications of fresh herbs focus upon superficial symptoms,heat symptoms and emergency.It is closely correlated with its nature,flavor and channel tropism.For example,"bitter"targets diarrhea and dryness,"pungent"has the function of dispersing,moving Qi and blood,"sweet"is capable of tonifying,harmonizing and relieving urgency,indicated for superficial symptoms,heat symptoms and emergency.Channel tropism of fresh herbs is consistent with the pathogenic factors of warm heat disease.However,some irregularities in the records of nature and flavor,channel tropism,dosage and processing methods of fresh herbs should be further addressed.
作者
王雪
彭孟凡
刘浩哲
张晓萍
宋金平
路海涛
田单单
付宇
赵明明
苗明三
WANG Xue;PENG Meng-fan;LIU Hao-zhe;ZHANG Xiao-ping;SONG Jin-ping;LU Hai-tao;TIAN Dan-dan;FU Yu;ZHAO Ming-ming;MIAO Ming-san(Henan University of Chinese Medicine,College of Medicine,Henan Zhengzhou 450046,China)
出处
《中国医院药学杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2021年第13期1356-1361,共6页
Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy
基金
国家中医药管理局标准化项目(编号:GZY-FJS-2020-219),河南省重大公益专项(编号:201300310100),建生鲜药创新基金(编号:JSJC-20200101-053),河南省药品监督管理局科技计划项目(编号:2020DB050-55)。
关键词
中华本草
鲜药
应用特点
性味归经
临床应用
Chinese materia medica
fresh herbs
application characteristics
nature,flavor and channel tropism
clinical application
