摘要
碳纳米角(Carbon nanohorns,CNHs)具有独特的物理化学性能,本文综述其制备方法、结构特征、形成机理、性能及其应用。用电弧放电法或CO2激光蒸发法,可工业化大规模生产高品质、低成本、无催化剂的CNHs。CNHs的形貌为大丽花型和种子型,由上千个单壁锥形碳管自组装形成。锥形管的尖端具有帽檐结构,锥角为20°,管径为2~5 nm,在尖端上分布着类富勒烯曲面结构的碳五元环和碳七元环,其芯部由短程无序的石墨烯片层组成。改变制备条件可在50~400 nm范围内调控CNHs的尺寸。CNHs具有特殊的结构和物理化学性质,如优异的导电性、预处理后的超高比表面积、电磁特性、热稳定性等。这些特点,使其在超级电容器、催化剂载体和生物载药等领域得到了广泛应用。但是,CNHs还有更多未知的物理化学性能和应用潜能,应该进一步深入研究。
Carbon nanohorns(CNHs) have become the focus of intense research due to their special physical and chemical properties. The preparation, structure, formation mechanism, property and applications of CNHs were presented in this review. As processes of cost-effective, high-purity, high-yield(industrial scale) and catalyst-free, CNHs can be produced by arc discharge and CO2 laser ablation.CNHs are spherical aggregates, consisting of thousands of individual nanohorns with 2~5 nm in diameter and 20° cone angle. The tips of individual CNH have massive topological defects, for example, pentagonand heptagon-shaped ones. The core part is made up of disordered graphene, hence such a compound structure leads to distinct physical and chemical properties compared with other nano-carbons. In addition, the diameter of CNHs can be adjusted within the range of 50~400 nm by adjusting the experimental procedures and parameters, correspondingly, their morphology changes form "dahlia-like"-to "bud-like"-type. The high purity and thermal stability, excellent electrical conductivity, combined with microporosity and mesoporosity, high surface area after post treatments make CNHs a promising candidate in many applications, such as super capacitor, catalyst support or catalyst, drug carrier systems, etc. Finally there still exist more unknown physical and chemical properties and application potential for this novel carbon nanohorns, which should be further studied.
作者
宋小龙
骆伟静
南艳丽
SONG Xiaolong;LUO Weijing;NAN Yanli(State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Metallic Materials,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi'an 710049,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an 710055,China)
出处
《材料研究学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期401-410,共10页
Chinese Journal of Materials Research
关键词
评述
无机非金属材料
碳材料
碳纳米角
制备
应用
review
inorganic non-metallic materials
carbon materials
carbon nanohorns
preparation
applications
