摘要
目的:探讨不同种类植物药中重金属和有害元素的残留特性,结合内梅罗(N.L.Nemerow)综合污染指数法和中药中外源性有害残留物安全风险评估指导原则分析其污染及风险情况,为制定安全性限度标准提供依据。方法:采用微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,ICP-MS),对37种2427批次常用花、叶、全草、果实、种子类中药材的重金属残留量进行测定。结果:各元素呈现良好的线性关系(r>0.999),回收率在62.7%~121.1%,RSD在0.2%~13.0%,表明该方法准确可靠。样品的总合格率为71.4%;重金属和有害元素超标率为镉(20.9%)>铅(5.8%)>铜(3.9%)>汞(3.5%)>砷(2.9%)。不同部位合格率:种子类(97.3%)>果实类(92.0%)>花类(68.5%)>全草类(53.2%)>叶类(51.3%)。结论:叶类、全草类最易蓄积重金属和有害元素,其次是花类;果实、种子类重金属和有害元素残留情况较好;花、叶、全草最易蓄积镉元素。山银花、白花蛇舌草、穿心莲、艾叶、青蒿、鱼腥草、茵陈、广金钱草8个品种的重金属和有害元素污染较严重;白花蛇舌草和山银花中镉,茵陈中的砷以及白花蛇舌草、穿心莲、艾叶、青蒿、鱼腥草、茵陈、广金钱草中的铅有残留风险。
Objective:In order to explore the residual characteristics of heavy metals and harmful elements in different kinds of herbs,the contamination situation was analyzed by N.L.Nemerow comprehensive contamination index method,and the basis for the formulation of safety limit standard was provided.Methods:Microwave digestion-ICP-MS was used to determine the heavy metals and harmful elements residues in 2427 batches of 37 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines,including flowers,leaves,whole herbs,fruits and seeds.Results:The recovery rates were 62.7%-121.1%,and RSDs were 0.2%-13.0%,indicating that the method was accurate and reliable.The total qualified rate of the samples was 71.4%.And the unqualified rates of heavy metals were as follows:cadmium(20.9%)>lead(5.8%)>copper(3.9%)>mercury(3.5%)>arsenic(2.9%).The qualified rates of different parts were as follows:seeds(97.3%),fruits(92.0%),flowers(68.5%),whole herbs(53.2%),and leaves(51.3%).Conclusion:Leaves and whole herbs were easy to accumulate heavy metals and harmful elements,followed by flowers.Residues situation in fruits and seeds were good.Flowers and whole herbs were the most likely to accumulate cadmium.Lonicerae Flos,Hedyotis Diffusa,Andrographis Herba,Artemisiae Argyi Folium,Artemisiae Annuae Herba,Houttuyniae Herba,Artemisiae Scopariae Herba and Desmodii Styracifolii Herba were seriously contaminated by heavy metals and harmful elements.Cadmium in Lonicerae Flos and Hedyotis Diffusa,arsenic in Artemisiae Scopariae Herba,and lead in Hedyotis Diffusa,Andrographis Herba,Artemisiae Argyi Folium,Artemisiae Annuae Herba,Houttuyniae Herba,Artemisiae Scopariae Herba,Desmodii Styracifolii Herba were at risk of contamination.
作者
费毅琴
肖凌
汪波
朱海兰
聂晶
FEI Yi-qin;XIAO Ling;WANG Bo;ZHU Hai-lan;NIE Jing(Hubei Institute for Drug Control,NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Chinese Medicine,Hubei Engineering Research Center for Drug Quality Control,Wuhan 430075,China;Hubei University of Chinese Medicine,Wuhan 430065,China)
出处
《药物分析杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1000-1008,共9页
Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis
基金
国家自然科学基金“基于全基因组解析NRAMP家族调控黄连镉分子富集机制”项目编号81973429
湖北省科技厅重大技术创新专项“湖北省黄连等中药大品种标准汤剂及配方颗粒开发与应用研究”2018ACA125
湖北省科技重大专项“湖北中药质控标准物质研制及技术平台建立”2020ACA007-01
国家药典会项目课题“中药材及饮片中重金属及有害元素限量标准研究-花叶全草类中药材”(ZG2016-1)。
关键词
中药材
重金属
有害元素
残留
污染
微波消解
电感耦合等离子体质谱法
内梅罗综合污染指数法
风险评估
traditional Chinese medicine
heavy metal
harmful elements
residues
contamination
microwave digestion
ICP-MS
N.L.Nemerow comprehensive contamination index method
risk assessment
