摘要
对比了国内外火箭低温上面级的主要技术特征,梳理了关键流体管理技术,对低温推进剂空间热防护技术、在轨气液分离技术、在轨排气技术开展了调研与进展分析。指出新型被动热防护技术应用于上面级可显著拓展上面级的适用范围。热防护技术与上面级结构优化、空间流体管理集成使用可显著降低低温推进剂蒸发损失。金属网幕表面张力式气液分离装置在实现低温推进剂,尤其是液氢全液获取领域具有显著优势。热力学排气系统可实现无夹液排气,但会增大蒸发损失,被动式热力学排气系统可节省推进剂消耗量。我国应重视液氢空间流体科学与管理技术,尽早开发基于液氢/液氧推进剂组合的上面级平台。
The technical characteristics of rocket upper stages at home and abroad are compared,and key cryogenic fluid management techniques are summarized and present.The space thermal insulation techniques,on-orbit gas-liquid separation techniques,on-orbit venting techniques associated with cryogenic propellant are reviewed and analyzed.It is pointed out that applying up-to-date thermal insulation techniques,the cryogenic propellant could be stored safely for lon‐ger time and thus the upper stage could provide a wider application range.Besides,use of thermal insulation,structure opti‐mization design of upper stage,and fluid management techniques comprehensively is beneficial to reduce the boil-off of cryogenic propellant in space.Comparatively,metal screen capillary gas-liquid separation device is more suitable for the pure-liquid acquisition of cryogenic liquid,especially in liquid hydrogen tank.Moreover,traditional thermodynamic ven ting system(TVS)could realize the purpose of pure-gas venting in space,but extra propellant boil-off is yielded.Instead,a passive TVS could be suggested for the gas venting of cryogenic tank.In a word,more attention should be given in the researches on fluid science and management techniques of liquid hydrogen in space,and liquid hydrogen/liquid oxygen propellant upper stage should be developed as soon as possible.
作者
王磊
贾洲侠
瞿淼
上官石
马原
厉彦忠
WANG Lei;JIA Zhouxia;QU Miao;SHANGGUAN Shi;MAYuan;LI Yanzhong(Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Engineering,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China;Science and Technology on Reliability and Environment Engineering Laboratory,Beijing Institute of Structure and Environment Engineering,Beijing 100028,China)
出处
《真空与低温》
2021年第4期307-315,共9页
Vacuum and Cryogenics
基金
国家自然科学基金(51976151)
北京强度环境研究所基金。
关键词
运载火箭
上面级
低温推进剂
推进剂管理
气液分离
launch vehicle
upper stage
cryogenic propellant
propellant management
liquid-gas separation
