摘要
为了解省域及不同地貌区降水的时空变化,以期为植被恢复和水旱灾害防治提供参考依据,基于1960-2019年贵州省逐日降水资料,结合气候倾向率和累积距平法分析不同地貌类型区降水变化的时空特点,利用小波分析分析及M-K法检验其周期性和突变性。结果表明:(1)年降水量以-9.25 mm/10 a(p>0.1)速率呈不显著减少趋势;春秋季呈不显著减少趋势,夏冬季呈不显著增加趋势。(2)六大地貌类型区逐年降水量均呈减少趋势;其中,峰丛洼地型地貌区以溶蚀作用为主,降水最多(1237.9 mm/a)且以-19.30 mm/10 a(p>0.01)的下降速率显著下降;溶蚀-侵蚀作用强烈的喀斯特低中山型、峰林谷地型地貌区、侵蚀-剥蚀为主的混合型地貌区年降水量下降趋势均不显著。(3)四季降水量均存在明显的周期振荡;其中,第一主周期为28 a;第二主周期除夏季为15 a外,其余季节均为18 a。此外,春秋季降水发生突变的时间为1984年,夏季为2014年,冬季降水没有发生突变;因此,贵州省近60年降水量的下降主要是由于春秋季降水减少引起,且在峰丛洼地型地貌区降水量减少最为显著。未来应注重洼地型地貌区植被恢复工作,以达到涵养水源,减少水土流失,调节气候的目的。
In order to understand the temporal and spatial changes of precipitation in the province and different geomorphic areas,and to provide reference for vegetation restoration and flood and drought disaster prevention and control,based on the daily precipitation data of Guizhou Province from 1960 to 2019,Combined with climate tendency rate and cumulative anomaly method,the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation change in different geomorphic types were analyzed,and the periodicity and mutation were tested by wavelet analysis and M-K method.The results show that:(1)the annual precipitation decreases at the rate of-9.25 mm/10 a(p>0.1);There was no significant decrease in spring and autumn,and no significant increase in summer and winter.(2)the annual precipitation in the six geomorphic areas showed a decreasing trend;Among them,the peak cluster depression type geomorphic area was dominated by dissolution,with the most precipitation(1237.9 mm/a)and a significant decline rate of-19.30 mm/10 a(p>0.01);The annual precipitation in Karst low and middle mountain type,peak forest valley type and erosion denudation mixed type geomorphic areas with strong dissolution and erosion has no significant downward trend.(3)the precipitation in four seasons has obvious periodic oscillation;The first main period was 28 years;The second main period was 18 years except 15 years in summer.In addition,the time of abrupt change of precipitation in spring and autumn was 1984,and that in summer was 2014,but there was no abrupt change of precipitation in winter;Therefore,the decrease of precipitation in recent 60 years in Guizhou Province was mainly caused by the decrease of precipitation in spring and autumn,and the decrease was most significant in the peak cluster depression geomorphic area.In the future,we should pay attention to the vegetation restoration in the low-lying landform area,so as to conserve water resources,reduce soil erosion and adjust the climate.
作者
刘炜
焦树林
李银久
莫跃爽
张洁
邵雨潇
冯椰林
LIU Wei;JIAO Shulin;LI Yinjiu;MO Yueshuang;ZHANG Jie;SHAO Yuxiao;FENG Yelin(College of Geography and Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550025,China)
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第5期159-171,共13页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
贵州省国内一流学科建设项目“贵州师范大学地理学”(黔教科研发[2017]85号)
黔科合基础[2020]1Y252
贵州省水利厅科技专项经费项目(KT201602)资助。
关键词
降水变化
地貌类型
M-K检验
小波分析
贵州省
precipitation change
geomorphic type
M-K inspection
wavelet analysis
Guizhou Province
