摘要
为探究国产人工林柚木的材性及其作为地板材、家具材替代珍稀天然林柚木的可能性,本文将国产人工林柚木与传统常用的缅甸天然林柚木进行对比,通过制样分析两者的宏观结构特征差异;按照相应国家标准分析了2种柚木的化学组分(综纤维素、半纤维素、酸不溶木质素3类成分)、物理性能(干缩率、湿胀率、密度、抗弯强度及抗弯弹性模量)差异;采用2种柚木制造相应的实木地暖地板产品,并对比所制产品的外观及稳定性。结果表明:(1)宏观特征方面,两者较相似,仅在管孔分布、气味以及触感特征上存在一定差异;(2)化学组分方面,两者主要差异为半纤维素含量,国产人工林柚木与缅甸天然林柚木的半纤维素含量均值分别为20.94%、23.10%,差值为2.16%,其他成分差值均不超过0.50%;(3)物理力学性能方面,2类柚木有显著差异,缅甸天然林柚木尺寸稳定性与抗弯强度相对国产人工林柚木较优。前者的径向气干干缩率、弦向气干干缩率、径向气干湿胀率、弦向气干湿胀率分别为0.62%、1.01%、1.28%、2.06%,后者分别为0.84%、2.42%、1.61%、3.21%;前者的抗弯强度与抗弯弹性模量分别为100、12360 MPa,后者分别为73.2、9030 MPa。但国产人工林柚木性能仍可满足家具、地板等用材使用需要;(4)对比2类柚木所制实木地暖地板产品,二者外观相近,同时国产人工林柚木地板的长度干缩率、长度湿胀率、宽度干缩率、宽度湿胀率分别可以达到0.04%、0.01%、0.18%、0.08%,均满足国家标准要求。研究表明,国产人工林柚木可用于加工实木地暖地板,并可作为家具、地板用材代替部分天然林柚木。
In order to explore the properties of domestic plantation teak and its possibility of replacing rare natural teak as the material of floor and furniture,this paper compared plantation teak with traditional Myanmar natural teak,and analyzed the differences of macroscopic structural characteristics of the two through sample preparation.According to the corresponding national standards,the difference of chemical components(cellulose,hemicellulose,acid insoluble lignin)and physical properties(dry shrinkage,wet expansion,density,bending strength and flexural modulus)of two teak trees were analyzed.Two types of teak were used to manufacture corresponding solid wood floor heating products,and the appearance and stability of the products were compared.The experimental results showed that:(1)in terms of macroscopic characteristics,they were similar,but there were some differences in the distribution of tube holes,odor and touch.(2)In terms of chemical composition,the main difference between the two kinds of teak was the content of hemicellulose.The average content of hemicellulose in plantation forest teak and Myanmar natural forest teak was 20.94%and 23.10%respectively,with a difference of 2.16%,and the difference of other components was less than 0.50%.(3)In terms of physical and mechanical properties,there were significant differences between the two types of teak.The dimensional stability and bending strength of Myanmar natural forest teak were better than those of plantation forest teak.Radial air dry shrinkage,tangential air dry shrinkage,radial air dry wet expansion and tangential air dry wet expansion of the former were 0.62%,1.01%,1.28%and 2.06%respectively,those of the latter were 0.84%,2.42%,1.61%and 3.21%respectively.The flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of the former were 100 MPa and 12360 MPa respectively,those of the latter were 73.2 MPa and 9030 MPa respectively.However,the performance of plantation teak can still meet the needs of furniture,floor and other materials.(4)Two kinds of SWFG were investigated,the appearance of plantation teak SWFG was similar to nature teak SWFG,and dry shrinkage of length,wet expansion of length,dry shrinkage of width and wet expansion of width of plantation teak floor can reach 0.04%,0.01%,0.18%and 0.08%respectively,it met the requirements of national standards.Research showed that the domestic plantation teak can be used to process SWFG,and as furniture and floor materials to replace the natural forest teak.
作者
何啸宇
孔繁旭
王艳伟
邵海龙
包永洁
徐立
叶江
何雪洪
HE Xiaoyu;KONG Fanxu;WANG Yanwei;SHAO Hailong;BAO Yongjie;XU Li;YE Jiang;HE Xuehong(Treessun Flooring Co.,Ltd,Nanxun 313009,China;China National Bamboo Research Center,Hangzhou 310012,China)
出处
《森林工程》
北大核心
2021年第4期47-57,共11页
Forest Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD0601105-02)。
关键词
柚木
人工林
木材材性
木材物理力学性能
木材化学组分
Teak
plantation
wood characteristics
wood physical properties
wood chemical composition
