摘要
【目的】本文探究了烟草栽培种植氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)肥的最佳施肥配比和施肥量,给凉山自治区烟草科学合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以"云烟87"作为研究对象,通过盆栽试验方法,研究氮磷钾配施对烟草地上部生物量、品质成分含量及对土壤Cd吸收富集的影响。【结果】合理的氮磷钾配施不仅能促进烟草生长,增加烟叶生物量,而且有利于烟叶各品质成分含量积累和配比协调。氮肥对烟草株高和叶干重生物量增加的贡献率最大,其次是磷肥,钾肥最差。从品质成分的含量和配比来看,增施钾肥能明显提高烟叶的含钾量。增施氮肥能显著提高烟叶烟碱和总氮含量,且有利于促进烟叶糖碱和糖氮的配比协调。重金属Cd含量是评价烟叶品质与安全性的重要指标,各施肥处理烟叶中的Cd含量均值表现为下部叶(2.06 mg/kg)>中部叶(1.58 mg/kg)>上部叶(1.16 mg/kg)。高水平的氮、磷肥配施(处理N_(2)P_(2)K_(1))能显著促进烟株对土壤Cd的吸收与富集,从而使烟叶中的Cd含量明显增加,而钾肥对烟株吸收富集Cd的影响不显著。【结论】综合考虑,本研究推荐的最佳施肥处理为N_(2)P_(1)K_(2),即N∶P∶K为1∶0.45∶2.06,获得的优质烟草平均株高和叶干重生物量分别为79.2 cm和55.2 g;烟叶钾、烟碱、总氮、还原糖、总糖含量分别为3.22%、3.05%、3.76%、25.89%和27.74%,糖碱比为9.10,糖氮比为7.38;下、中、上部叶Cd含量分别为1.57、1.37和1.11 mg/kg,均显著低于烟草Cd的限量阈值(3.0 mg/kg)。认为该施肥方案可以在凉山彝族自治州各烟区和相近地区推广应用。
【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the optimum fertilizer on tobacco cultivation,which would provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable fertilizer application of tobacco leaves in Liangshanyi autonomous prefecture.【Method】Taken Yunyan 87 as tested materials,the effect of different fertilizer ratios of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)on the leaf biomass,quality components and Cd accumulation of Nicotiana tabacum were studied by pot assay.【Result】The fertilizer application could not only promote the growth of tobacco and increase the leaf biomass,but also had a positive effect on the accumulation of quality components and the coordination of qualitative proportion.The contribution efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium to plant height and leaf biomass of tobacco was N>P>K.Potassium fertilizer played an important role in the accumulation of potassium in tobacco leaves.The contents of nicotine and total nitrogen were significantly increased,and the coordinated proportion of quality components was presented under the high level of nitrogen fertilizer.Cd content was an important index to evaluate the quality and safety of tobacco leaves.The content of Cd in tobacco leaves was in the order of lower leaves>middle leaves>upper leaves.Meanwhile,the abilities of Cd absorption and accumulation of tobacco plants to soil were significantly improved with the high level of combined nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer,correspondingly resulting in the increase of Cd content and storage in tobacco leaves,however,there was no notable influence for potassium fertilizer.【Conclusion】In summary,the best fertilizer recommended by this pot assay was the treatment of N2P1K2,when the ration of N∶P∶K was 1∶0.45∶2.06,average plant height and leaf biomass were 79.2 cm and 55.2 g;With 3.22%,3.05%,3.76%,25.89%and 27.74%for the content of potassium,nicotine,total nitrogen,reducing sugar and total sugar,respectively,the ratio of sugar and nicotine and the ratio of sugar and nitrogen were 9.10 and 7.38,respectively;The Cd contents of lower leaves,middle leavesand upper leaves were 1.57,1.37 and 1.11 mg/kg,respectively,which was statistically lower the limit level of 3.0 mg/kg prescribed by the China Tobacco Corporation.It was suggested that this fertilization scheme could be widely applied in various tobacco areas and similar producing areas of Liangshanyi autonomous prefecture.
作者
高嘉宁
张丹
杨蒙岭
陈玉蓝
GAO Jia-ning;ZHANG Dan;YANG Meng-ling;CHEN Yu-lan(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610041,China;University of Chi-nese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Guangxi Bosco Environment Protection Technology Company,Guangxi Nanning 530000,China;Liangshanyi Autonomous Prefecture Company of Sichuan Tobacco Company,Sichuan Xichang 615000,China)
出处
《西南农业学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第6期1269-1276,共8页
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences
基金
中国烟草总公司四川省公司重点科技项目(SCYC201802)。
关键词
烟草
施肥量
地上生物量
品质成分
Cd富集
Tobacco
Fertilization amount
Leaf biomass
Quality components
Cd accumulation
