摘要
随着中国国家实力不断提升,欧盟开始将中国定位为经济和制度竞争者,其外资政策呈收紧趋势。从德国华为5G政策入手,可以更好地把握当前欧盟在对华经贸议题上的核心关切。面对美国拉拢盟友封锁华为的行动,德国在既无意与中国进行战略竞争又追求战略自主的情况下,更倾向于从实际利益出发,通过制度设计限制但不排除华为参与5G建设。对比同一时期德国对华为和国家电网的不同态度可以发现,德国出现了约束中国企业商业活动、阻挠企业"战略行为"的政策转向。国有企业、跨国并购以及有损德国技术和产业优势的交易更容易被判定为"战略行为",这种政策偏好也被德国延伸到中欧投资协定谈判和欧盟外资政策法规建设之中。《中欧全面投资协定》和《外国补贴法规草案》均反映出欧盟试图利用规范性权力在对等开放、竞争中立、可持续发展等问题上强势规范中国经济行为的诉求。中国企业应审慎制定拓展欧盟市场的策略,做好应对外资安全审查、反垄断审查和反补贴审查的准备,避免因触及欧盟外资监管红线而导致海外利益受损。
With continuous growth of Chinese national power,the European Union(EU)has begun to define China as an economic and institutional competitor.Meanwhile,the development of the EU foreign investment policy shows a tightening trend.An analysis of the German policy on Huawei 5 Gcan facilitate our understanding of the core concerns of the EU on economic and trade relations with China.Even though the United States is rounding up allies to block Huawei,Germany is inclined to limit,but not to exclude Huawei 5 G.The main reason for this is that Germany on the one hand,has no intention to compete with China,and on the other,seeks for strategic autonomy.By comparing different attitudes of Germany towards Huawei and State Grid in the same period,we find a policy shift of Germany towards restricting business activities of Chinese corporations and discouraging their strategic behavior.In general,transactions initiated by Chinese state-owned enterprises,transnational mergers and acquisitions,and business activities with potential damage to German technological and industrial advantages,are more likely to be judged as strategic behaviors.Such policy preferences are extended to the negotiation of China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment and the construction of the EU foreign investment policies and regulations.After reviewing the China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment and the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council on Foreign Subsidies Distorting the Internal Market,we can discover that the EU desires to use its normative power to regulate Chinese economic behavior on issues such as reciprocal openness,competitive neutrality and sustainable development.In order to protect overseas interests,Chinese corporations should formulate internationalization strategies prudently when expanding their EU market.At the same time,they should be well prepared for EU foreign capital security review,anti-monopoly review and anti-subsidy review.
出处
《外交评论（外交学院学报）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期52-84,I0002,I0003,共35页
Foreign Affairs Review
关键词
中欧经贸关系
欧盟
德国
华为5G
外资政策
中欧全面投资协定
中美战略竞争
价值链
China-EU economic and trade relations
the European Union(EU)
Germany
Huawei 5G
foreign investment policy
China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment
Sino-US strategic competition
value chain
