摘要
明代理学的创造性发展始于江西崇仁的吴与弼(康斋),他虽然上无所传,但身体力验,敬静兼综,培养了胡居仁(敬斋)、陈献章(白沙)、娄谅(一斋)等有成就的弟子。从功夫论来看,吴与弼持敬,陈献章转向主静,胡居仁试图扭转白沙学的转向,坚守持敬。娄谅于居敬内转,启迪了阳明学的转向,门下亦有夏尚朴(东岩)持敬的回转。崇仁后学有陈献章门下张诩(东所)主静与湛若水(甘泉)持敬的对峙、胡居仁门下余祐(韧認斋)持敬与魏校(庄渠)主静的对峙等。总体而言,崇仁之学的转向与回转表现为主静与持敬的更迭与相互扶正,并孕育了白沙学与阳明学的主静,奠基了江右王门收摄保聚的学风。
The creative development of Neo-Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty began with Wu Yubi(Kangzhai)in Chongren,Jiangxi Province.Wu Yubi had no direct master,and he embodied Dao through practicing,united advocating tranquilization and holding fast to attentiveness.He successfully trained disciples such as Hu Juren(Jingzhai),Chen Xianzhang(Baisha),Lou Liang(Yizhai).From the perspective of cultivated method,Wu Yubi was holding fast to attentiveness,however,Chen Xianzhang turned to advocating tranquilization,and Hu Juren tried to reverse the turn.Lou Liang emphasized inner mind inspired Wang Yangming,but Xia Shangpu(Dongyan)was also holding fast to attentiveness.There is confrontation between advocating tranquilization and holding fast to attentiveness among disciples of Chen Xianzhang and Hu Juren,such as Zhang Xu(Dongsuo)and Zhan Ru-oshui(Ganquan),Yu You(Renzhai)and Wei Xiao(Zhuangqu).Generally speaking,the two-way transition from advocating tranquilization to holding fast to attentiveness shows the alternation and mutual support in Chongren School.The transition gave birth to Baisha School and Yangming School,both of them emphasized advocating tranquilization.The two-way transition also laid the foundation of convergence and concentration of mind of Jiangxi School,one of the most important branch of Yangming School.
出处
《江西社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期17-25,254,共10页
Jiangxi Social Sciences
