摘要
针对甘肃东部旱作区年降水量少、季节分布不均及大豆生产春季干旱严重等问题造成大豆产量不高、水分利用率低等生产实际,以露地平播为对照,研究全膜覆盖沟播、半膜覆盖沟播、半膜覆盖平播、膜侧播种等4种不同覆膜种植方式对旱作大豆生长发育、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,全膜覆盖沟播使大豆提前出苗5天,生育期缩短12天,促进了大豆生长发育进程;大豆各生育阶段株高、叶面积指数和干物质积累量均高于其他处理。全膜覆盖沟播能够有效协调大豆营养生长与生殖生长的关系,增加地上部分生物量,促进光合产物向籽粒转移,有利于灌浆和高产,连续4年平均产量和水分利用效率分别为2680.8 kg/hm^(2)和7.30 kg/(mm·hm^(2)),较露地平播提高40.9%和53.4%。因此、全膜覆盖沟播可作为甘肃东部旱作区大豆生产的高产栽培模式,对提高旱作区大豆降水利用效率和高产田创建具有重要意义。
In view of the problems of less annual precipitation,uneven seasonal distribution and severe spring drought during soybean production in the dry areas of eastern Gansu Province,a 4-year consecutive field experiment with 5 treatments of:(1)flat planting without plastic film mulching(NM,save as control);(2)full film mulched double ridge-furrow planting(FFRF);(3)half plastic film mulching on ridge and planting in furrows(HFRF);(4)half plastic film mulching with flat planting(NF);and(5)plastic film mulching on ridge and planting in ridge-side(PS),was carried out during 2014-2017,to study the effects of different mulching and planting modes on the growth,development,yield and water use efficiency of dryland soybean.Research results showed that FFRF advanced the seedling germinate date by 5 days,reduced the growth period by 12 days,thus greatly enhanced the growth and development process of dryland soybean.The soybean plant height,leaf area index and dry matter accumulation amount in all stages of the whole growth period increased significantly and were highly higher than that of the other treatments.Meanwhile,FFRF could coordinate the relationship between the vegetative and the reproductive growth,increase the aboveground biomass,facilitate the transfer and distribution of the photosynthetic product to the grain,which is favorable to grain filling and high yield.In addition,the average yield and water use efficiency of soybean for FFRF were 2680.8 kg/hm^(2) and 7.30 kg/(mm·hm^(2)),which were 40.9%and 53.4%higher than that of NM in the 4 consecutive test years,respectively.Therefore,FFRF can be used as a high-yield cultivation mode of dryland soybean production and is of great significance to improving soybean precipitation utilization efficiency and the creation of high-yield field in eastern Gansu.
作者
王立明
陈光荣
杨如萍
张国宏
杨封科
Wang Liming;Chen Guangrong;Yang Ruping;Zhang Guohong;Yang Fengke(Dryland Farming Institute,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070)
出处
《中国农学通报》
2021年第21期8-14,共7页
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin
基金
甘肃省农业科学院生物育种专项“优质牧草大豆种质资源创制与应用”(2020GAAS11)
国家现代农业产业建设基金“国家大豆产业技术体系兰州综合试验站建设”(CARS-04-CES18)。
关键词
旱作大豆
覆膜方式
生长发育
产量
水分利用效率
dryland soybean
plastic film mulching planting mode
growth and development
yield
water use efficiency
