摘要
通说对挪用公款罪中“挪”和“用”的解释都存在疑问,难以为司法实践提供理论支撑,容易导致处罚漏洞和处罚不公。究其原因,以职务行为的廉洁性作为主法益,同时借用民法上占有、使用、收益权能来诠释财产法益的观点,既不合理也不准确。应当正确厘定本罪的功能定位,以财产法益作为本罪的主法益,其具体内容为公款在应有保管状态下的安全。以此指导构成要件解释,应从作为和不作为两方面来理解“挪”,其既包括破坏公款本来的保管状态,也包括有义务恢复公款保管状态而不恢复;应当将“归个人使用”的判断重点放在“单位意志”的认定上,从拟制的“理性单位”出发来辨识哪些行为符合单位意志;公款的三种使用方式属于特殊的“加重构成要素”,应当规范性地而非经验性地理解三种使用方式的内涵,以便合理区分本罪与贪污罪。
There are questions for the mainstream explanations of"transfer"and"use"in the Crime of Misappropriating Public Funds,which are difficult to provide theoretical support for judicial practice and are easy to cause punishment loopholes and unfair punishment.It is unreasonable and inaccurate for the opinion to regard incorruptness of duty-related behaviors as the main legal interest,and to borrow the concepts of rights to occupation and use and usufruct in the Civil Law to interpretate legal interest of property.The functional position of this crime should be clarified properly to make the legal interest of property,which is the safety of public funds in the status of due safekeeping,as the main legal interest.By employing the opinion to explain constitutive requirements,we can understand the concept of"transfer"from the perspectives of commission and omission,which includes damaging due safekeeping status of public funds and failure to restore the due safekeeping status when the offender has the obligation to do so.The focal point to judge"for personal use"should be put in"organizational willpower"that is identified from the assumed"rational organization".The meanings of three ways of utilizing public funds that belong to special aggravated elements should be understood normatively rather than empirically,therefore distinguishing the Crime of Misappropriating Public Funds and the Crime of Graft properly.
出处
《政治与法律》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第7期80-92,共13页
Political Science and Law
关键词
挪用公款
功能定位
法益
单位意志
Misappropriation of Public Funds
Functional Positioning
Legal Interests
Organizational Willpower
