摘要
【目的】分析中美贸易摩擦前后我国农产品国际贸易情况与中美贸易摩擦对我国农产品国际贸易的影响,为我国农业长期稳定发展提供参考。【方法】基于商务部公布的我国对美国农业贸易额、我国农业贸易总额与我国对美国主要农产品进口交易量与交易额的数据,采用统计分析法和文献研究法,对我国农产品国际贸易进出口情况和结构进行分析。【结果】中美贸易摩擦对我国农业国际贸易产生巨大影响,一方面,我国对美国主要农产品交易量大豆由2017年进口3285.56万t降到2019年的1694.36万t,小麦由2017年进口154.91万t降到2018年的36.14万t;我国对美国进口交易额由2017年的317.41亿美元降到2019年的205.23亿美元,中美贸易摩擦对我国粮食安全和农业市场稳定造成了一定的威胁;另一方面,中美贸易摩擦促使我国调整对外贸易结构,加速农产品贸易多元化发展。【结论】我国通过改善农产品国际贸易进出口结构,降低对美国的贸易依存度,发展欧盟及东南亚市场,积极开拓新的国际贸易市场,建立多元化的市场结构,在提高农产品竞争力的同时保障粮食安全。
【Objective】Analyze the international trade situation of China′s agricultural products before and after the Sino-US trade friction and the impact of Sino-US trade friction on the international trade of China′s agricultural products,so as to provide references for the long-term stable development of China′s agriculture.【Methods】Based on the data of China′s agricultural trade volume with the United States,China′s agricultural trade volume,and China′s import volume and transaction volume of major agricultural products from the United States published by the Ministry of Commerce,statistical analysis and literature research methods were used to analyze the situation and structure of international trade import and export of China′s agricultural products.【Results】Sino-US trade friction had a huge impact on China′s agricultural international trade.On the one hand,China′s imports of major agricultural products in the United States have dropped from 32855600 tons of soybeans in 2017 to 16943600 tons in 2019,and wheat imports from 1549100 tons in 2017 decreased to 361400 tons in 2018;China′s import transaction volume with the United States dropped from 31.741 billion US dollars in 2017 to 20.523 billion US dollars in 2019.The Sino-US trade friction has posed a certain threat to China′s food security and agricultural market stability;on the other hand,Sino-US trade frictions have prompted China to adjust its foreign trade structure and accelerate the diversified development of agricultural trade.【Conclusion】By improving the import and export structure of international agricultural products trade,reducing its trade dependence on the United States,developing the EU and Southeast Asian markets,actively exploring new international trade markets and adopting a diversified market structure,China can improve the competitiveness of its own agricultural products while ensuring food security.
作者
赵季平
张静霞
吴云霞
ZHAO Jiping;ZHANG Jingxia;WU Yunxia(Henan University of Economics and Law,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China)
出处
《北方农业学报》
2021年第3期110-115,共6页
Journal of Northern Agriculture
关键词
中美贸易摩擦
农产品国际贸易
贸易结构
Sino-US trade friction
International trade in agricultural products
The trade structure
