摘要
保持人民币支付手段的价值稳定与人民币结算系统的安全、高效,是推动人民币国际化的关键举措。目前在跨境支付领域占主导地位的代理行模式,将收付款人对开户行的信任风险、结算系统及其参与人自身的结算风险复杂化,造成支付费用较高、支付速度较慢以及支付信息不透明,而以区块链为技术依托、以支付型代币与稳定币为代表的私人数字货币对改进代理行模式的缺陷具有一定帮助,但却新增了额外的市场风险与信任风险,此外,"本国型"法定数字货币同样存在对中间投放机构的信任风险等问题。对此,我国应在界定数字货币法律属性的前提下,对支付型代币加强个人身份识别,对稳定币实施跨境支付信息的境内存储等监管措施。对于法定数字货币,我国应明确其具有境内与跨境支付的双重法偿性,合理设置商业银行等中间投放机构的准入条件、吸收境外金融机构参与结算系统的运营,此外为传统代理行模式以及跨境金融市场基础设施的实时结算提供互联互通的法律保障。
It is the key measure to promote the internationalization of RMB to keep the value stability of RMB payment means,as well as the safety and efficiency of RMB settlement system.At present,the correspondent bank model,which is dominant in the field of cross-border payment,complicates the trust risk of the payee to the bank,the settlement risk of the settlement system and its participants,resulting in higher payment fees,slower payment speed and opaque payment information.Blockchain digital currency can help to improve the defects of the correspondent bank model,but payment tokens and stable coins bring additional market risks and trust risks,while"domestic"central bank digital currency also has problems such as trust risk to intermediate delivery institutions.Therefore,in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of cross-border payment parties,China should strengthen personal identification of payment tokens and implement regulatory measures such as domestic storage of cross-border payment information for stable coins on the premise of clarifying the legal attributes.As for the central bank digital currency,China should make it clear that it has the dual legal tender status of domestic and cross-border payment,reasonably set the access conditions of intermediate delivery institutions,absorb overseas financial institutions to participate in the operation of the settlement system,and provide interconnection interfaces for the traditional correspondent bank mode and the real-time settlement of cross-border financial market infrastructure.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
2021年第3期85-100,共16页
Journal of International Economic Law
关键词
人民币国际化
区块链
数字货币
跨境支付
代理行
RMB Internationalization
Blockchain
Digital Currency
Cross-border Payment
Correspondent Bank
