摘要
云南是中国贫困县最多的山区省份,同时也是中国城乡收入差距长期居高不下的典型省份。针对当前研究中未能深入探讨城乡收入差距与各地贫困程度关联性、未能深入探讨各影响因素空间相关性、忽视关键地理因素对城乡收入差距影响等问题和不足,本文将各县按照贫困程度的差异划分为4个类别,使用云南省129个县(市)2010—2018年产业、社会、经济、人口等维度的面板数据,并引入“地形-气候综合优劣度”作为非经济指标,在分析城乡收入差距时空演化和空间格局特征基础上,运用空间动态面板模型深入探析了其影响因素。基于研究结果,认为有必要将缩小城乡收入差距与国家精准扶贫战略、城乡融合发展战略和乡村振兴战略有效衔接。
Yunnan province has the largest number of poverty-stricken counties in China with mountainous area accounting for 93.60% of the total area. A long-term high income gap between urban and rural areas is widening in the province. This has brought great obstacles and challenges to the overall development of urban and rural areas and the implementation of rural revitalization strategy. In view of the problems and deficiencies in the current research, such as the lack of in-depth discussion on the relationship between urban-rural income gap and poverty level in different regions, the spatial correlation of various influencing factors, and the neglect of the impact of key geographical factors on the urban-rural income gap, this paper divides the counties into four categories(non-poor counties and poverty counties of grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ),using the panel data of industrial development dimension, social development dimension,economic level dimension and population structure dimension of 129 counties(county-level city) of Yunnan from 2010 to 2018, and introducing"terrain-climate comprehensive degree of excellence"as non-economic indicators. Based on the analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution and spatial pattern characteristics of urban-rural income gap, this paper uses spatial dynamic panel model to deeply study the influencing factors of urban-rural income gap in the study area.The results show that:(1) The average income gaps between urban and rural areas from 2010 to 2018 show a slight downward trend. The differences of the average annual income gap between urban and rural areas of the four types of counties are obvious, showing a trend of"grade Ⅲ >grade Ⅱ > grade Ⅰ > non-poverty counties".(2) The spatial autocorrelation of urban-rural income gap is obvious, and the spatial pattern shows a decreasing trend from the northwest and southeast to the centre of the province. In most areas, there exists an evolution law of"extreme poverty → low per capita disposable income of rural residents → expansion of urban-rural income gap"is generally presented. Rural poverty is often the root cause for the widening of urban-rural income gap.(3) The results of dynamic SAR model show that, the urban-rural income gap has a great inertia, with the increase of poverty level, and the degree of dependence shows a"U"-shaped pattern, which decreases first and then increases. On the whole, the development of the secondary industry plays a restraining role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect of expanding the urban-rural income gap is most obvious in the poverty counties of grade Ⅰ. The development of tertiary industry in povertystricken counties is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas, and the effect on counties with deeper poverty is more obvious. The increase of population density can obviously bridge the urban-rural income gap. With the reduction of poverty, the increase of the ratio of urban and rural employees has an inverted U-shaped feature of"inhibition first and promotion later"to the income gap between urban and rural areas. The impact of per capita grain output is the most obvious in poverty counties of grade Ⅲ, and there is a threshold of"terrain-climate comprehensive degree of excellence", in which food curse exists in areas with harsh terrain and climate conditions. According to the research results and the view of the permanent rural poverty alleviation in mountainous areas, it is necessary to effectively link the narrowing of urban-rural income gap with the national targeted poverty alleviation strategy,rural revitalization strategy and urban-rural integrated development strategy, and bring it into the scope of government performance evaluation, so as to enhance the local government’s attention to narrowing the urban-rural income gap and effectively promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas in various regions.
作者
杨子生
杨人懿
刘凤莲
YANG Zisheng;YANG Renyi;LIU Fenglian(Institute of Land&Resources and Sustainable Development,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China;Institute of Targeted Poverty Alleviation and Development,Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221,China)
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期2252-2271,共20页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41261018)
云南省教育厅科学研究基金研究生项目(编号2021Y547)。
关键词
城乡收入差距
时空演化
影响因素
贫困分级
空间动态面板模型
云南
urban rural income gap
spatio-temporal evolution
influencing factors
poverty classification
spatial dynamic panel model
Yunnan
