摘要
科学评估节水技术推广和水价综合改革等措施对农业用水强度的综合影响,对节水政策的优化制定具有重要的现实意义。为此,本文构建了用水强度的理论分解模型,尝试将技术进步和灌溉水价等因素纳入同一分析框架,以探寻农业用水强度各类驱动因素的作用方式;在此基础上,基于2003—2016年小麦、玉米与水稻主产区的省级面板数据进行实证检验。结果表明:样本期内,三种作物灌溉用水强度呈现稳中有降态势,下降幅度最高的是玉米,其次是小麦,水稻下降幅度最小。灌溉水价对用水强度的影响在作物间呈现出差异化特征,其显著促进了玉米用水强度的降低,而在小麦、水稻两种作物上却表现出抑制作用。农业技术创新与技术效率改善显著降低了农业用水强度,且其影响程度在作物间表现出一定的异质性,具体表现为:农业技术创新对玉米和水稻用水强度改善的作用最为强劲,而技术效率对小麦用水强度降低的贡献最大。上述结论在替换技术进步指标和改变参数估计方法后仍具有较强的稳健性。因此,我国农业灌溉用水定价机制中应考虑不同作物的用水习性,农业技术创新活动更多从不同作物生产中的薄弱环节来精准开展,同时农业生产管理水平和规模效率尚需进一步优化与提升。
Scientifically evaluating the influences of the extension of water-save technology and the comprehensive reform of water price on the water use intensity is critical to the formation of water-saving policies.Based on a provincial panel data of major wheat,corn,and rice production areas from 2003 to 2016,this paper constructed a theoretical decomposition model of the water use intensity by incorporating technological progress and irrigation water prices to explore the factors influencing the change of the agricultural water use efficiency.Results show that in the sample period,the irrigation water intensity of three crops displayed a steady declining trend (Decline range:corn > wheat > rice).The effect of the irrigation water price on the water use intensity was characterized by dissimilation among crops,which greatly promoted the reduction of the water use intensity of corn.However,there was a kind of inhibitory effect on wheat and rice.The agricultural water use intensity was greatly reduced by agricultural technical innovation and technical efficiency improvement.For the degree of its impact,there was a certain degree of heterogeneity among crops.In addition,there was a strong effect of agricultural technical innovation on the improvement of the water use intensity of corn and rice.However,the contribution of technical efficiency to the reduction of the water use intensity of wheat was the largest.In summary,this paper suggests:to formulate a water price mechanism,to make targeted scientific and technological innovations in the weak links of crop production,and to optimize the level of production management and scale efficiency based on the water use habits of different crops.
作者
杨福霞
王晓晓
YANG Fu-xia;WANG Xiao-xiao(College of Economics&Management,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)
出处
《农业现代化研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期735-744,共10页
Research of Agricultural Modernization
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71874064,71774122)
中央高校基本科研业务费(2662018PY049)
教育部哲学社会科学重大攻关项目(20JZD015)。
关键词
灌溉水价
技术进步
用水强度
Sys-GMM估计
稳健性检验
irrigation water price
technological progress
intensity of water usage
Sys-GMM estimation
robustness test
