摘要
目的研究通用设备制造业非稳态噪声职业接触对工人听力损失的影响,探究峰度指标应用于评估非稳态噪声致听力损失的可行性。方法于2012至2018年,选择通用设备制造业6家企业的233名接触非稳态噪声的工人作为观察组,另选取纺织和编织类4家企业的237名接触稳态噪声的工人作为对照组。测定每名工人的8 h等效连续A声级(LAeq,8 h),结合接触噪声工龄计算累积噪声暴露量(CNE),并应用噪声峰度对CNE进行调整(_(调整后)为CNE');对工人开展基本资料的问卷调查和听力测试。比较两组工人的CNE经峰度_(调整前)后不同水平组内高频听力阈值变化和噪声导致的高频听力损失检出率变化情况,同时分析比较经峰度_(调整前)后CNE与高频听力损失检出率之间的相关性。结果工人3000~8000 Hz听力阈值在不同CNE水平组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic回归分析显示,CNE是观察组工人高频听力损失的危险因素(OR=1.189,P<0.05);经趋势χ^(2)检验,高频听力损失的检出率随着CNE的增加而增加(χ^(2)趋势=34.415,P<0.05)。在CNE 95~<110 dB(A)·年水平组内,观察组高频听力损失的检出率和高频听力阈值均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),经峰度_(调整后),在CNE'各水平组内,观察组与对照组高频听力损失检出率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CNE'与高频听力损失检出率的相关性优于CNE(R^(2)_(调整后)>R^(2)_(调整前))。结论通用设备行业的非稳态噪声对工人高频听力损失的影响随着CNE的上升呈增加趋势,且较稳态噪声对工人高频听力损失的影响更大;CNE'可用于评估非稳态噪声导致的听力损失。
Objective To study the effect of occupational exposure to non-steady state noise on hearing loss in the general equipment manufacturing industry,and to explore the feasibility of applying kurtosis index to evaluate hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise.Methods A total of 233 workers exposed to non-steady state noise in 6 general equipment manufacturing enterprises were selected as the observation group,and 237 workers exposed to steady noise in 4 textile enterprises were selected as the control group between 2012 and 2018.Personal normalized continuous A-weighted sound pressure level equivalent to an 8 h-working-day(LAeq,8 h)was determined by a noise dosimeter.Cumulation noise exposure(CNE)was calculated from LAeq,8 h and related working age,and the CNE was adjusted by using noise kurtosis(CNE'after adjustment).Meanwhile,questionnaires and hearing loss tests were performed for all subjects.The changes in the threshold of high-frequency hearing and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss caused by noise in the two groups were compared before and after the adjustment of the kurtosis of CNE.The correlation between CNE and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss before and after kurtosis adjustment was analyzed.Results There was an difference between the 3000-8000 Hz hearing threshold of workers in different CNE groups(P<0.05).logistic regression analysis showed that CNE was a risk factor of high-frequency hearing loss for workers in the observation group(OR=1.189,P<0.05),and trend Chi-square test showed that the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss increased with CNE levels(χ^(2)trend=34.415,P<0.05).Before the kurtosis adjustment,in the CNE 95~<110 dB(A)·year level group,the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss and the high-frequency hearing threshold in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).After kurtosis adjustment,there was no significant difference in the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss between the observation group and the control group in each level group(P>0.05).The correlation between CNE after kurtosis adjustment and the incidence of high-frequency hearing loss was better than that before adjustment(after R^(2) adjustment>before R^(2) adjustment).Conclusion The effect of non-steady state noise on high-frequency hearing loss of workers in general equipment industry increases with the increase of CNE,and the effect of non-steady state noise on high-frequency hearing loss of workers is greater than that of steady noise.CNE'can be used to evaluate the hearing loss caused by non-steady state noise.
作者
李飞
张美辨
谢红卫
邹华
周莉芳
栾俞清
全长健
Li Fei;Zhang Meibian;Xie Hongwei;Zou Hua;Zhou Lifang;Luan Yuqing;Quan Changjian(Institute for Occupational Health and Radiation Protection,Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Hangzhou 310051,China)
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期487-492,共6页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
基金
职业健康标准前期研究项目(131031109000160004、20210102)
浙江省重点研发项目(2015C03039)
浙江省医药卫生科技项目(2019KY057)
浙江省高层次创新人才项目。
关键词
听力损失
噪声
职业性
峰度
累积噪声暴露量
非稳态噪声
Hearing loss
Noise,occupational
Kurtosis
Cumulative noise exposure
Non-steady state noise
