摘要
在我国流传的民间故事中,牛郎织女故事是流传时间最久远、流传范围最广泛的“异类”婚恋民间故事母题之一民间故事口耳相传的传播方式下,少数民族中流传的牛郎织女故事与汉族的牛郎织女故事相比较出现了同中有异的特点。汉族与少数民族流传的牛郎织女故事在仙女下凡、婚后生活幸福美满以及仙女返回天宫等方面呈现出共同意识倾向,如“仙女下凡”婚后生活幸福美满以及“仙女返回天宫”等情节方面,这些共同意识对于分析各民族文学的传播特点、民族信仰以及民俗文化都具有重要的启发意义。
Among Chinese folk stories,the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl is one of the oldest most widespread stories in the category“marriage between humans and non-humans”.If we compared the Han version of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl with those of ethnic minorities,we could notice some differences but also a“shared consciousness”among all the different versions:this expresses itself in e.g.similar scenes of fairies descending to the world,the couple's happy married life,and the Weaver Girl's return to heaven.The main idea of the folk story among the Han people is that the Cowherd is a normal yet poor earthling,living together with a skinny but magical ox.The Weaver Girl,however,is a heavenly creature and even a relative of the emperor of heaven.With the advice of his ox,the Cowherd hides the clothes of the Weaver Girl when she descends from heaven to earth,preventing her from returning to heaven.Later they get married on earth and have a son and a daughter.The marriage between a human and a god,however,violates the rules of heaven,so the Weaver Girl is forced to return to heaven.Still,the Cowherd follows her to heaven with the help of the old ox,but the empress of heaven creates the Milky Way as a barrier to keep them apart.From then on,the couple is allowed to meet each other only once a year,across a Magpie Bridge,on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month.Among other ethnic minorities,however,there are fifteen different versions of this same story:Yao,Xibo,Mongolian,Shui,Miao,Manchu,Lisu,Dong,Zhuang,Maonan,Korean,Daur,Ewenki,and Buyi.This is because for a long time the story of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl was able spread out over many regions and ethnicities.This makes it difficult,nevertheless,to carry out accurate textual and statistical research.However,the basic plot of this story remains unchanged,and it represents shared aspirations of humanity such as reproduction,longevity,and reincarnation.Moreover,it also assures people that as long as they are diligent and courageous,they will eventually merit god's favor leading to a happy life.People of all ethnic groups embrace this wish,encouraging them to bravely face life's challenges and strive for true happiness.To sum up,no matter what version of the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl-Han or of another ethnicity-the story reveals a shared consciousness.Therefore,further study of this shared consciousness as seen in those different versions of the story will provide more research insight into the cultural wealth of this story as well as the valuable shared aspirations of different ethnic groups or even of humankind.
作者
李若熙
丁淑梅
Li Ruoxi;Ding Shumei(School of Literature and Journalism,Sichuan University,Chengdu,610064,Sichuan,China;Institute of Ba Culture,Sichuan University of Arts and Science,Dazhou,635000,Sichuan,China)
出处
《民族学刊》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期75-82,115,共9页
Journal of Ethnology
基金
国家社科一般项目(14BZW075)
四川李白文化研究中心一般项目(LB19-B06)
四川革命老区发展研究中心资助项目(SLQ2020BB-010)
陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目(17JZ003)阶段性成果。
关键词
少数民族
民间故事
牛郎织女
母题
比较
ethnic minorities
folk story
the Cowherd and the Weaver Girl
motif
shared consciousnesses
