摘要
在工业遗产区更新决策过程中,对遗产价值的认知与判断必须兼顾各个利益群体,通过回顾建筑师这一关键群体在工业遗产城市设计中的价值认知与决策实践,探寻不同城市工业遗产区更新策略与价值序列判断因素。首批选择北、上、广三地十位建筑师进行半结构式访谈,定性研究不同城市历史文化背景下的工业遗产区更新设计过程。建筑师的做法与态度表明更新设计不是简单的技术问题,而是一种社会价值观的体现,取决于各个利益方共同的社会责任感,并强调了城市遗产区更新中功利主义与保护意识在建筑师价值认知排序中的重要性。
For a long time,Chinese heritage protection has been promoted in two ways.The first is the protection and restoration of heritage by cultural heritage researchers,and the second is the renovation of heritage architecture by architects.We believe that the value of heritage can be recognised and protected from multiple angles.In the decision-making of industrial heritage area renewal,the heritage value must be recognised and judged based on the consideration of various interest groups.Today,architects have become the main force in protecting and renewing industrial heritage.In fact,they have mastered the method and scope of physical changes in heritage buildings.Their practical work directly affects the actual effects of industrial heritage protection and utilisation.The research explores the renewal strategies and value sequence judgment factors of different urban industrial heritage areas by reviewing the key group of architects’value cognition and decision-making practices in designing industrial heritage cities.Based on the study,10 architects from Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou were selected to conduct semi-structural interviews.The selected cases were all urban design projects for the renewal of industrial heritage areas designed by architects.This study aimed to observe the architect's value evaluation methods and hierarchical protection and utilisation strategies of various types of industrial heritage in a better way by listing the industrial heritage of different protection levels.Based on an analysis and review of those key city cases,we may find industrial heritage city design,as perceived by architects,is more an instructional process to find an optimal plan against gaming among different interested parties than a simple spatial transformation or technical approach.The industrial heritages in Beijing are dominated by large-scale closed heavy-industry factories,which are hard to blend into urban development.Therefore,a comprehensive plan considering both heritage protection and urban development should be drafted during the design phase.Industrial heritages of Shanghai are overwhelmingly from fields such as transportation,storage and other light industry and are mainly distributed in the public open areas along rivers.Compared with other cities,Shanghai has more public cultural and artistic facilities to be transformed.Therefore,it needs to coordinate the relationship between industrial heritage and urban industrial development orientation.As for Guangzhou,local industrial heritages are updated with investments largely from private parties,and they involve the light industry mostly.The construction area is within the capability of private capital.However,this also brings the conflict between the profit-pursuing nature of private capital and heritage protection.The design idea of applying the government policy and urban micro-updating strategy to guide and encourage social capital should be adopted.Meanwhile,architects are affirmative about the intervention of classified protection of industrial heritage.Industrial heritages classified as cultural relics should be intervened in a discrete and limited way to be largely protected.Concerning the reservation/demolition and intervention of non-relic industrial heritages,decisions should be made based on careful consideration of urban development demands and environmental,spatial and aesthetic design.Architectural design pays more attention to structure,function and aesthetics,whereas heritage protection emphasises value-oriented working patterns.Aesthetics is a dimension of art,while other elements are utilitarian.The study highlights the importance of utilitarianism and awareness of protection among values recognised by architects during urban heritage area updating.In other words,based on protecting the core values of heritage,some actual and effective means are employed to solve the conflicts among different stakeholders and seek proper representative means of expression to respond to the demands of particular social,economic and cultural development in all the cities.It rejects the idea of adopting utilitarianism or one theory alone.Both the practice and attitude of architects have clarified that updating a design is never a technical issue but an embodiment of social values and depends on the common sense of social responsibility shared by all stakeholders.
作者
赵子杰
徐苏斌
田甜
青木信夫
ZHAO Zi-jie;XU Su-bin;TIAN Tian;Aoki Nobuo
出处
《南方建筑》
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第4期24-30,共7页
South Architecture
基金
国家社科基金重大项目(12&ZD230):中国城市工业遗产保护体系研究。
关键词
工业遗产
城市设计
建筑师群体
价值认知
industrial heritage
urban design
architects
cognition of value
