摘要
碳中和下,风光将发展成为中国电网的主导电源。由于风光资源和负荷的逆向分布,跨区域集中消纳将是其重要发展途径,需要巨大的灵活性资源平衡其间歇性和波动性影响。如何解决这一巨大灵活性需求,是中国未来实现碳中和的关键问题之一。储能技术被视为解决新能源灵活性的重要手段,但无论是居支配地位的抽水蓄能还是被寄予厚望的电化学储能,或受限于地理位置或受限于规模性、经济性、安全性,在新的技术或者手段没有突破前,未来很长一段时间内都难以满足中国现在和未来新能源跨区域大规模集中消纳的需要。只有规模庞大、技术成熟的水电(包括抽水蓄能)是中国现在和未来一段时期新能源大规模集中消纳的最现实、最可靠选择。水电,特别是中国西南和长江上游水电,则需要由"电源供应者"逐步转向"电源供应者+‘电池’调节者"的角色,同时也需要对梯级水电功能进行再造,即对已经建成和规划中的梯级水电站群加建季节性抽水蓄能水电站。上述两方面水电功能重塑,必然会对中国能源战略布局、梯级水电调度运行、电网电力资源配置产生重大影响,需要在国家层面及早开展相关基础理论和关键技术研究。
Wind and solar power will become the dominant power sources of China’s power grids oriented to carbon neutral.Due to the reverse distribution of wind and solar resources and loads,the cross-regional centralized accommodation will be an important development approach,which requires great flexible resources to balance the intermittent and fluctuating effects.How to address this huge need for flexibility is one of the key issues for China to achieve the carbon neutral in the future.Energy storage technology is regarded as an important way to solve the flexibility of new energies.However,both the dominant pumped storage and the promising electrochemical energy storage are limited by geographical location or scale,economy and security.Without a breakthrough in new technologies or means,it will be difficult to meet the large-scale cross-regional centralized accommodation demands of current and future new energies in China for a very long time in the future.Only large-scale and mature hydropower(including pumped storage)is the most realistic and reliable choice for large-scale centralized accommodation of new energy in China now and in the future.Hydropower,especially in Southwest China and upper stream in the Yangtze River,needs to change from"power supplier"to"power supplier+‘battery’regulator".Meanwhile,it is necessary to rebuild the cascade hydropower function,that is,seasonal pumped storage power stations should be built for the cascade hydropower stations that have been built and planned.The remolding of hydropower function in the above two aspects will inevitably have a significant impact on China’s energy strategic layout,the operation of cascade hydropower scheduling and the power resource allocation in power grids.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out the relevant basic theory and key technology research as soon as possible at the national level.
作者
程春田
CHENG Chuntian(Institute of Hydropower and Hydroinformatics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China)
出处
《电力系统自动化》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第16期29-36,共8页
Automation of Electric Power Systems
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52039002)。
关键词
碳中和
集中消纳
灵活性
水电
季节性抽水蓄能电站
carbon neutral
centralized absorption
flexibility
hydropower
seasonal pumped storage power station
