摘要
制造业是一国经济发展并走向强盛的基础。改革开放以来,我国制造业迅猛发展,但投资效果却不尽人意。税收作为影响资本使用成本及投资收益的重要因素,直接影响着企业的固定资产投资。根据所建立的固定资产投资课税模型,测算出我国2002-2016年制造业全国和分省的资本使用成本与所得税实际税率,发现2008年企业所得税改革虽明显降低了制造业资本的使用成本和承担的所得税负,但总体上税负仍然偏高。为此,通过建立面板门槛固定效应模型进一步验证,得出制造业资本使用成本与固定资产投资关系呈倒U型的结论,临界点是8.108%。低于此点,每增加1%的资本成本,投资增加0.1987%;超过此点,每增加1%的资本成本,投资减少0.0789%。同时,制造业资本承担的所得税实际税率与投资呈线性关系,每增加1%的实际税率,投资减少0.1584%。由于现行制造业资本使用成本(除个别省份如甘肃外)超过了临界点,因此,未来还应进一步完善企业所得税,继续降低制造业资本承担的所得税负和资本使用成本以鼓励企业投资,为实现“制造强国”提供有力的政策支撑。
Manufacturing industry has been the foundation of a country’s economic development and prosperity.Since the reform and opening up,with China’s manufacturing industry’s having experienced robust growth,the investment effect has not been satisfactory.The fixed asset investment of enterprises is influenced directly by tax,an important factor affecting the cost of capital use and investment income.This study,employing the established fixed assets investment tax model,calculates the capital use cost and the actual income tax rate of manufacturing industry(2002-2016)in China.The enterprise income tax reform in 2008,the findings tell,though significantly reducing the capital use cost and income tax burden of the manufacturing industry,the overall burden stays still high.For this reason,the fixed effect model of panel threshold is established to further verify these conclusions,telling an inverted U shape relationship between manufacturing capital use cost and investment,with the critical point being 8.108%.Below this point,the investment will increase by 0.1987%for every 1%increase in capital cost.Beyond this point,the investment will decrease by 0.0789%for every 1%increase in capital cost.At the same time,the effective tax rate of income tax borne by manufacturing capital has a linear relationship with investment;for every 1%increase in the effective tax rate,the investment will decrease by 0.1584%.Since the current capital use cost of manufacturing industry(except for some provinces such as Gansu)exceeds the critical point,in the future,we should further improve the enterprise income tax and continue to reduce the income tax burden and capital use cost borne by manufacturing industry capital so as to encourage enterprise investment and provide strong policy support for the realization of“manufacturing power”.
作者
席卫群
XI Wei-qun(Research Center for Finance and Taxation,Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics,Nanchang 330013,China)
出处
《广西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》
2021年第4期129-142,共14页
Journal of Guangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“国家创新驱动发展战略的财政支持政策研究”(16ZDA028)
国家社会科学基金一般项目“供给侧结构性改革下提升资本形成效率的财税政策研究”(16BJY148)
江西省高校人文社会科学研究项目“特朗普财税政策取向及其对中国影响研究”(JJ17107)。
关键词
资本使用成本
企业所得税实际税率
固定资产投资
cost of capital use
effective tax rate of enterprise income tax
investment in fixed-asset
