摘要
制裁在性质上可分为单边制裁和多边制裁,在模式上可分为普遍制裁和聪明制裁。单边制裁是国际法上的灰色地带,对其合法性的考察须在"荷花号原则"上结合国际条约和习惯国际法进行。《反外国制裁法》围绕反制裁的逻辑起点展开制度构建和规则设计,在性质上属于单边制裁,在模式上采用聪明制裁,为国际制裁立法实践提供了中国样本。我国依据该法采取反制措施在国际条约法上可援用安全例外条款主张合法性,在习惯国际法上可援引反措施主张合法性。鉴于我国签订的双边投资协定的多样性以及该法本身的特点,为确保这部立法设计的反制措施在国际法治的轨道上落地实施,还须尽快建立健全配套实施制度。
Sanctions under international law in nature can be divided into unilateral sanctions and multilateral sanctions,and in form into universal sanctions and smart sanctions.Unilateral sanction is the grey area of international law,and its legitimacy can be analyzed by the precedent set by the case of Lotus in combination with the international treaty and international customary law.The Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of China aims to counter foreign sanctions instead of waging sanctions,and thus is unilateral sanction in nature and smart sanction in form.It provides a Chinese model of the legislation of sanction for the international community.Under this law,the sanction measures can be justified by the clause of safety exception in international treaties,and by the countermeasures in customary international law.In consideration of the characteristics of this law and the diversified BITs signed by China,a sound system of rules needs to be established to ensure that its implementation conforms to international law.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第4期143-157,共15页
Journal of Comparative Law
基金
“研究阐释党的十九届四中全会精神”国家社科基金重大项目“我国法域外适用法治体系构建研究”(课题批准号:20ZDA031)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
《反外国制裁法》
单边制裁
聪明制裁
安全例外条款
不干涉
反措施
The Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law of China
unilateral sanctions
smart sanctions
safety exception clause
non-interference
countermeasures
