摘要
中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)是全球范围内的濒危物种,起源悠久。本文分析了中华秋沙鸭的研究现状。结果表明:(1)数量分布:俄罗斯远东地区承载了中华秋沙鸭繁殖群体的主体,而我国承载了中华秋沙鸭越冬群体的主体。(2)生境选择:森林要素、水域特征、隐蔽性是中华秋沙鸭生境选择的3个核心要素。(3)行为学:行为习性主要受温度、性比、集群特征等因素影响。(4)繁殖生态:营巢条件是限制中华秋沙鸭种群繁殖的重要因子之一。(5)濒危机制:致危因素有遗传多样性、自身习性等,也受种间胁迫,但人类活动是主要威胁因素。(6)保护策略:宜结合物种习性对其生境进行优化,构建保护网络。总体来说,目前的研究主要集中于生态学及相关领域,形成了对中华秋沙鸭的基础认知,但不少结论相互矛盾或处于猜测阶段。建议从越冬地忠实度、水域特征、求偶交配时间等几方面开展研究;同时,应用新的技术和思路,多学科结合,以加深对中华秋沙鸭的全面理解,最终促进对这一珍稀物种的有效保护。
Chinese merganser(Mergus squamatus)is an endangered species with a long history.The progress in the research of Chinese merganser was systematically expounded in this review.The results showed that(1)For the population distribution:Russian Far East carried the main body of Chinese merganser breeding population,while China carried the main body of the wintering population.(2)For habitat selection:forest elements,water characteristics and concealment were the three factors determining habitat selection for Chinese merganser.(3)Behavior:behavior habits were mainly driven by temperature,sex ratio,and grouping characteristics.(4)Breeding ecology:nesting condition was one of the important factors limiting population breeding.(5)Endangered mechanism:the threatening factors included genetic diversity,self-habits and interspecific stress,and human activities were the main threat factor.(6)Conservation strategy:the habitat should be optimized according to the species’habits and the conservation network should be constructed.Overall,current research mainly focused on ecology and related fields,forming the basic cognition of Chinese merganser.However,many conclusions were contradictory or generally speculative.Further research should be carried out from fidelity of wintering land,water area characteristics,and mating time.New technologies and ideas should be applied to deepen the understanding of Chinese merganser with multidisciplinary combination,so as to promote the effective protection of this rare species.
作者
鲁庆斌
王伟波
陈彦汲
徐卫南
杨淑贞
LU Qing-bin;WANG Wei-bo;CHEN Yan-ji;XU Wei-nan;YANG Shu-zhen(College of Jixian,College of Animal Sci-Technology and College of Veterinary Medicine,Zhejiang A&F University^Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Animal Health Inspection and Internet Technology,Hangzhou 311300,China;Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration,Hangzhou 311300,China;Forestry Bureau of Lin'an District,Hangzhou 311300,China)
出处
《生态学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第8期2620-2634,共15页
Chinese Journal of Ecology
基金
浙江省临安区政府支持项目(L20170203)
圈养华南虎繁殖相关关键技术研究(H20170184)资助。
关键词
中华秋沙鸭
水域特征
营巢条件
濒危机制
物种保护
Mergus squamatus
water characteristics
nesting condition
endangered mechanism
species protection
