摘要
目的了解天津市非医疗机构放射卫生管理的现状,为卫生行政部门加强放射卫生管理提供科学依据。方法依据《市卫生健康委关于印发2020年天津市职业病防治项目实施方案的通知》,2020年8至10月期间采用问卷调查的方法,从监测对象所属行业类别、辐射源项的基本情况、职业健康管理工作的开展情况、个人防护用品和辅助防护设施的配置情况等方面,对天津市辖区35家非医疗机构进行横断面调查。采用双录入法录入数据并进行分析。结果此次调查涵盖了计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业,港口装卸搬运和仓储业,金属制品业,石油和天然气开采业等11个行业。Ⅱ类射线装置91台、Ⅲ类84台。使用的放射源包括Ⅱ类53枚、Ⅲ类7枚、Ⅳ类88枚、Ⅴ类253枚;乙级非密封工作场所4个、丙级2个。35家非医疗机构中的921名放射工作人员均进行了职业健康体检,放射工作人员的年有效剂量均低于20 mSv;共配置个人防护用品274件,个人剂量报警仪194台,辐射剂量监测仪135台。在35家非医疗机构中,分别有29家(82.9%)开展了职业卫生评价和自主检测工作,34家(97.1%)开展了委托检测工作,辐射防护检测合格率和职业病危害项目申报率均为85.7%(30/35)。结论天津市35家非医疗机构总体上能认真对待本单位的放射卫生防护管理工作,为监管执法提供了科学依据,但今后应进一步加强对个人防护用品和辐射剂量仪配置、职业病危害因素监测与评价的管理。
Objective To understand the current status of radiation hygiene management in non-medical institutions in Tianjin to provide scientific basis for strengthening health management in the radiological department.Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from August to October 2020 according to the Notice of Municipal Health Commission on the implementation plan of the Tianjin occupation disease prevention and control project in 2020,to evaluate 35 non-medical institutions in Tianjin according to the industry category of monitoring objects,the basic situation of radiation source,occupation health management,personal protective equipment,and auxiliary protective devices.Data were entered by double input method and analyzed.Results The survey covered 11 industries including computers,telecommunications,and other electronic equipment manufacturing;port handling and storage;metal products;and petroleum and natural gas extraction.The survey includes 91 classⅡand 84 classⅢradiation devices;53 classⅡ,7 classⅢ,88 classⅣ,and 253 classⅤradiation sources;4 unsealed radioactive material class B workplace;and 2 unsealed radioactive material class C workplace.A total of 921 radiation workers in the 35 radiological non-medical institutions underwent occupation health examination,and the annual effective dose of radiation workers was lower than 20 mSv.The 35 institutions were equipped with 274 personal protective equipment,194 personal dose alarming devices,and 135 radiation dosimeter.Twenty-nine non-medical institutions(82.9%,29/35)carried out occupation health assessment and self-inspection,and 34 non-medical institutions(97.1%,34/35)completed the radiation protection test.The rate of institutions that qualified in the radiation protection test and the declaration of occupational hazard items were both 85.7%(30/35).Conclusions The 35 non-medical institutions could take radiation hygiene protection management seriously.This study provides a scientific basis for the supervision and law enforcement of related policies.Nevertheless,strengthening the implementation of personal protective equipment and radiation dosimetry,as well as occupation disease risk monitoring and evaluation,is necessary.
作者
魏超
尹谌
周巍
武权
张文艺
Wei Chao;Yin Chen;Zhou Wei;Wu Quan;Zhang Wenyi(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine,Institute of Radiation Medicine,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Tianjin 300192,China)
出处
《国际放射医学核医学杂志》
2021年第5期300-306,共7页
International Journal of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Medicine
关键词
放射性同位素
天津
辐射卫生
非医疗机构
射线装置
Radioisotopes
TIANJIN
Radiologic health
Non-medical institutions
Radiation equipment
