摘要
破产约定条款的效力认定是当事人意思自治与破产法目标实现之间矛盾关系的冲突点。破产解除条款与《民法典》第580条第2款中的违约方解除合同规则具有功能上的一致性,为避免合同僵局,尊重当事人意思自治,原则上应认定有效,只有管理人确认继续履行合同符合程序条件和实质标准时,才否定其效力。而破产变更条款会实质性阻碍破产法目标的实现,原则上应认定无效,只有在符合概括式豁免规则时,才认定有效。概括式豁免规则可参考英国破产法中的公允对价理论、瑕疵资产理论和善意的商业安排理论等进行规则设计。以破产解除条款与破产变更条款为一般模式,明晰破产约定条款的效力认定规则,是优化营商环境、推进“办理破产”便利化的有效举措。
The validity of ipso facto clauses is a conflicting point between the autonomy of the parties and realization of the goals of the bankruptcy law.The bankruptcy termination clause should be deemed effective in principle considering the new provision Article 580(2)on“breaching party s right to termination”in China s Civil Code to avoid the deadlocks of contract and the need to respect the autonomy of the parties,except when the relevant bankruptcy administrator has decided to continue to perform the contract according with the relevant procedural conditions and substantive standards.The deprivation clause should be deemed ineffective in principle considering the fact that it would substantially hinder the realization of the goals of the bankruptcy law,except when its design accords with the general exemption rules that may refer to the“fair price”theory,“flawed asset”theory and“good faith”theory in the UK insolvency law.Taking the bankruptcy termination clause and the deprivation clause as general types of ipso facto clauses so as to clarify their validity is an effective measure to optimize the business environment and promote the index of“Resolving Insolvency”.
作者
陈景善
孙宝玲
CHEN Jingshan;SUN Baoling(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)
出处
《商业经济与管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第6期86-96,共11页
Journal of Business Economics
基金
司法部纵向课题“商事外观主义原则研究”(19SFB2041)。
关键词
破产约定条款
破产解除条款
违约方解除
破产变更条款
反剥夺原则
ipso facto clause
bankruptcy termination clause
breaching party s right to termination
deprivation clause
anti-deprivation rule
